# naginterfaces.library.rand.times_​garch_​asym2¶

naginterfaces.library.rand.times_garch_asym2(dist, num, ip, iq, theta, gamma, df, fcall, comm, statecomm)[source]

times_garch_asym2 generates a given number of terms of a type II process (see Engle and Ng (1993)).

For full information please refer to the NAG Library document for g05pe

https://www.nag.com/numeric/nl/nagdoc_28.7/flhtml/g05/g05pef.html

Parameters
diststr, length 1

The type of distribution to use for .

A Normal distribution is used.

A Student’s -distribution is used.

numint

, the number of terms in the sequence.

ipint

The number of coefficients, , for .

iqint

The number of coefficients, , for .

thetafloat, array-like, shape

The first element must contain the coefficient , the next elements must contain the coefficients , for . The remaining elements must contain the coefficients , for .

gammafloat

The asymmetry parameter for the sequence.

dfint

The number of degrees of freedom for the Student’s -distribution.

If , is not referenced.

fcallbool

If , a new sequence is to be generated, otherwise a given sequence is to be continued using the information in [‘r’].

commdict, communication object, modified in place

Communication structure for the reference vector.

If , this argument must have been initialized by a prior call to times_garch_asym2.

statecommdict, RNG communication object, modified in place

RNG communication structure.

This argument must have been initialized by a prior call to init_repeat() or init_nonrepeat().

Returns
htfloat, ndarray, shape

The conditional variances , for , for the sequence.

etfloat, ndarray, shape

The observations , for , for the sequence.

Raises
NagValueError
(errno )

On entry, is not valid: .

(errno )

On entry, .

Constraint: .

(errno )

On entry, .

Constraint: .

(errno )

On entry, .

Constraint: .

(errno )

On entry, .

Constraint: .

(errno )

On entry, .

Constraint: .

(errno )

or is not the same as when [‘r’] was set up in a previous call.

Previous value of and .

Previous value of and .

(errno )

On entry, [‘state’] vector has been corrupted or not initialized.

(errno )

On entry, sum of , for is : .

Notes

A type II process can be represented by:

where or . Here is a standardized Student’s -distribution with degrees of freedom and variance , is the number of observations in the sequence, is the observed value of the process at time , is the conditional variance at time , and the set of all information up to time . Symmetric GARCH sequences are generated when is zero, otherwise asymmetric GARCH sequences are generated with specifying the amount by which positive (or negative) shocks are to be enhanced.

One of the initialization functions init_repeat() (for a repeatable sequence if computed sequentially) or init_nonrepeat() (for a non-repeatable sequence) must be called prior to the first call to times_garch_asym2.

References

Bollerslev, T, 1986, Generalised autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity, Journal of Econometrics (31), 307–327

Engle, R, 1982, Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity with estimates of the variance of United Kingdom inflation, Econometrica (50), 987–1008

Engle, R and Ng, V, 1993, Measuring and testing the impact of news on volatility, Journal of Finance (48), 1749–1777

Hamilton, J, 1994, Time Series Analysis, Princeton University Press