NAG FL Interface
f07vvf (ztbrfs)

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1 Purpose

f07vvf returns error bounds for the solution of a complex triangular band system of linear equations with multiple right-hand sides, AX=B, ATX=B or AHX=B.

2 Specification

Fortran Interface
Subroutine f07vvf ( uplo, trans, diag, n, kd, nrhs, ab, ldab, b, ldb, x, ldx, ferr, berr, work, rwork, info)
Integer, Intent (In) :: n, kd, nrhs, ldab, ldb, ldx
Integer, Intent (Out) :: info
Real (Kind=nag_wp), Intent (Out) :: ferr(nrhs), berr(nrhs), rwork(n)
Complex (Kind=nag_wp), Intent (In) :: ab(ldab,*), b(ldb,*), x(ldx,*)
Complex (Kind=nag_wp), Intent (Out) :: work(2*n)
Character (1), Intent (In) :: uplo, trans, diag
C Header Interface
#include <nag.h>
void  f07vvf_ (const char *uplo, const char *trans, const char *diag, const Integer *n, const Integer *kd, const Integer *nrhs, const Complex ab[], const Integer *ldab, const Complex b[], const Integer *ldb, const Complex x[], const Integer *ldx, double ferr[], double berr[], Complex work[], double rwork[], Integer *info, const Charlen length_uplo, const Charlen length_trans, const Charlen length_diag)
The routine may be called by the names f07vvf, nagf_lapacklin_ztbrfs or its LAPACK name ztbrfs.

3 Description

f07vvf returns the backward errors and estimated bounds on the forward errors for the solution of a complex triangular band system of linear equations with multiple right-hand sides AX=B, ATX=B or AHX=B. The routine handles each right-hand side vector (stored as a column of the matrix B) independently, so we describe the function of f07vvf in terms of a single right-hand side b and solution x.
Given a computed solution x, the routine computes the component-wise backward error β. This is the size of the smallest relative perturbation in each element of A and b such that x is the exact solution of a perturbed system
(A+δA)x=b+δb |δaij|β|aij|   and   |δbi|β|bi| .  
Then the routine estimates a bound for the component-wise forward error in the computed solution, defined by:
maxi|xi-x^i|/maxi|xi|  
where x^ is the true solution.
For details of the method, see the F07 Chapter Introduction.

4 References

Golub G H and Van Loan C F (1996) Matrix Computations (3rd Edition) Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore

5 Arguments

1: uplo Character(1) Input
On entry: specifies whether A is upper or lower triangular.
uplo='U'
A is upper triangular.
uplo='L'
A is lower triangular.
Constraint: uplo='U' or 'L'.
2: trans Character(1) Input
On entry: indicates the form of the equations.
trans='N'
The equations are of the form AX=B.
trans='T'
The equations are of the form ATX=B.
trans='C'
The equations are of the form AHX=B.
Constraint: trans='N', 'T' or 'C'.
3: diag Character(1) Input
On entry: indicates whether A is a nonunit or unit triangular matrix.
diag='N'
A is a nonunit triangular matrix.
diag='U'
A is a unit triangular matrix; the diagonal elements are not referenced and are assumed to be 1.
Constraint: diag='N' or 'U'.
4: n Integer Input
On entry: n, the order of the matrix A.
Constraint: n0.
5: kd Integer Input
On entry: kd, the number of superdiagonals of the matrix A if uplo='U', or the number of subdiagonals if uplo='L'.
Constraint: kd0.
6: nrhs Integer Input
On entry: r, the number of right-hand sides.
Constraint: nrhs0.
7: ab(ldab,*) Complex (Kind=nag_wp) array Input
Note: the second dimension of the array ab must be at least max(1,n).
On entry: the n×n triangular band matrix A.
The matrix is stored in rows 1 to kd+1, more precisely,
  • if uplo='U', the elements of the upper triangle of A within the band must be stored with element Aij in ab(kd+1+i-j,j)​ for ​max(1,j-kd)ij;
  • if uplo='L', the elements of the lower triangle of A within the band must be stored with element Aij in ab(1+i-j,j)​ for ​jimin(n,j+kd).
If diag='U', the diagonal elements of A are assumed to be 1, and are not referenced.
8: ldab Integer Input
On entry: the first dimension of the array ab as declared in the (sub)program from which f07vvf is called.
Constraint: ldabkd+1.
9: b(ldb,*) Complex (Kind=nag_wp) array Input
Note: the second dimension of the array b must be at least max(1,nrhs).
On entry: the n×r right-hand side matrix B.
10: ldb Integer Input
On entry: the first dimension of the array b as declared in the (sub)program from which f07vvf is called.
Constraint: ldbmax(1,n).
11: x(ldx,*) Complex (Kind=nag_wp) array Input
Note: the second dimension of the array x must be at least max(1,nrhs).
On entry: the n×r solution matrix X, as returned by f07vsf.
12: ldx Integer Input
On entry: the first dimension of the array x as declared in the (sub)program from which f07vvf is called.
Constraint: ldxmax(1,n).
13: ferr(nrhs) Real (Kind=nag_wp) array Output
On exit: ferr(j) contains an estimated error bound for the jth solution vector, that is, the jth column of X, for j=1,2,,r.
14: berr(nrhs) Real (Kind=nag_wp) array Output
On exit: berr(j) contains the component-wise backward error bound β for the jth solution vector, that is, the jth column of X, for j=1,2,,r.
15: work(2×n) Complex (Kind=nag_wp) array Workspace
16: rwork(n) Real (Kind=nag_wp) array Workspace
17: info Integer Output
On exit: info=0 unless the routine detects an error (see Section 6).

6 Error Indicators and Warnings

info<0
If info=-i, argument i had an illegal value. An explanatory message is output, and execution of the program is terminated.

7 Accuracy

The bounds returned in ferr are not rigorous, because they are estimated, not computed exactly; but in practice they almost always overestimate the actual error.

8 Parallelism and Performance

Background information to multithreading can be found in the Multithreading documentation.
f07vvf is threaded by NAG for parallel execution in multithreaded implementations of the NAG Library.
f07vvf makes calls to BLAS and/or LAPACK routines, which may be threaded within the vendor library used by this implementation. Consult the documentation for the vendor library for further information.
Please consult the X06 Chapter Introduction for information on how to control and interrogate the OpenMP environment used within this routine. Please also consult the Users' Note for your implementation for any additional implementation-specific information.

9 Further Comments

A call to f07vvf, for each right-hand side, involves solving a number of systems of linear equations of the form Ax=b or AHx=b; the number is usually 5 and never more than 11. Each solution involves approximately 8nk real floating-point operations (assuming nk).
The real analogue of this routine is f07vhf.

10 Example

This example solves the system of equations AX=B and to compute forward and backward error bounds, where
A= ( -1.94+4.43i 0.00+0.00i 0.00+0.00i 0.00+0.00i -3.39+3.44i 4.12-4.27i 0.00+0.00i 0.00+0.00i 1.62+3.68i -1.84+5.53i 0.43-2.66i 0.00+0.00i 0.00+0.00i -2.77-1.93i 1.74-0.04i 0.44+0.10i )  
and
B= ( -8.86-03.88i -24.09-05.27i -15.57-23.41i -57.97+08.14i -7.63+22.78i 19.09-29.51i -14.74-02.40i 19.17+21.33i ) .  

10.1 Program Text

Program Text (f07vvfe.f90)

10.2 Program Data

Program Data (f07vvfe.d)

10.3 Program Results

Program Results (f07vvfe.r)