# NAG CL Interfacef07prc (zhptrf)

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## 1Purpose

f07prc computes the Bunch–Kaufman factorization of a complex Hermitian indefinite matrix, using packed storage.

## 2Specification

 #include
 void f07prc (Nag_OrderType order, Nag_UploType uplo, Integer n, Complex ap[], Integer ipiv[], NagError *fail)
The function may be called by the names: f07prc, nag_lapacklin_zhptrf or nag_zhptrf.

## 3Description

f07prc factorizes a complex Hermitian matrix $A$, using the Bunch–Kaufman diagonal pivoting method and packed storage. $A$ is factorized as either $A=PUD{U}^{\mathrm{H}}{P}^{\mathrm{T}}$ if ${\mathbf{uplo}}=\mathrm{Nag_Upper}$ or $A=PLD{L}^{\mathrm{H}}{P}^{\mathrm{T}}$ if ${\mathbf{uplo}}=\mathrm{Nag_Lower}$, where $P$ is a permutation matrix, $U$ (or $L$) is a unit upper (or lower) triangular matrix and $D$ is an Hermitian block diagonal matrix with $1×1$ and $2×2$ diagonal blocks; $U$ (or $L$) has $2×2$ unit diagonal blocks corresponding to the $2×2$ blocks of $D$. Row and column interchanges are performed to ensure numerical stability while keeping the matrix Hermitian.
This method is suitable for Hermitian matrices which are not known to be positive definite. If $A$ is in fact positive definite, no interchanges are performed and no $2×2$ blocks occur in $D$.

## 4References

Golub G H and Van Loan C F (1996) Matrix Computations (3rd Edition) Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore

## 5Arguments

1: $\mathbf{order}$Nag_OrderType Input
On entry: the order argument specifies the two-dimensional storage scheme being used, i.e., row-major ordering or column-major ordering. C language defined storage is specified by ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_RowMajor}$. See Section 3.1.3 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for a more detailed explanation of the use of this argument.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_RowMajor}$ or $\mathrm{Nag_ColMajor}$.
2: $\mathbf{uplo}$Nag_UploType Input
On entry: specifies whether the upper or lower triangular part of $A$ is stored and how $A$ is to be factorized.
${\mathbf{uplo}}=\mathrm{Nag_Upper}$
The upper triangular part of $A$ is stored and $A$ is factorized as $PUD{U}^{\mathrm{H}}{P}^{\mathrm{T}}$, where $U$ is upper triangular.
${\mathbf{uplo}}=\mathrm{Nag_Lower}$
The lower triangular part of $A$ is stored and $A$ is factorized as $PLD{L}^{\mathrm{H}}{P}^{\mathrm{T}}$, where $L$ is lower triangular.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{uplo}}=\mathrm{Nag_Upper}$ or $\mathrm{Nag_Lower}$.
3: $\mathbf{n}$Integer Input
On entry: $n$, the order of the matrix $A$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{n}}\ge 0$.
4: $\mathbf{ap}\left[\mathit{dim}\right]$Complex Input/Output
Note: the dimension, dim, of the array ap must be at least $\mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{n}}×\left({\mathbf{n}}+1\right)/2\right)$.
On entry: the $n×n$ Hermitian matrix $A$, packed by rows or columns.
The storage of elements ${A}_{ij}$ depends on the order and uplo arguments as follows:
if ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_ColMajor}$ and ${\mathbf{uplo}}=\mathrm{Nag_Upper}$,
${A}_{ij}$ is stored in ${\mathbf{ap}}\left[\left(j-1\right)×j/2+i-1\right]$, for $i\le j$;
if ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_ColMajor}$ and ${\mathbf{uplo}}=\mathrm{Nag_Lower}$,
${A}_{ij}$ is stored in ${\mathbf{ap}}\left[\left(2n-j\right)×\left(j-1\right)/2+i-1\right]$, for $i\ge j$;
if ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_RowMajor}$ and ${\mathbf{uplo}}=\mathrm{Nag_Upper}$,
${A}_{ij}$ is stored in ${\mathbf{ap}}\left[\left(2n-i\right)×\left(i-1\right)/2+j-1\right]$, for $i\le j$;
if ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_RowMajor}$ and ${\mathbf{uplo}}=\mathrm{Nag_Lower}$,
${A}_{ij}$ is stored in ${\mathbf{ap}}\left[\left(i-1\right)×i/2+j-1\right]$, for $i\ge j$.
On exit: $A$ is overwritten by details of the block diagonal matrix $D$ and the multipliers used to obtain the factor $U$ or $L$ as specified by uplo.
5: $\mathbf{ipiv}\left[{\mathbf{n}}\right]$Integer Output
On exit: details of the interchanges and the block structure of $D$. More precisely,
• if ${\mathbf{ipiv}}\left[i-1\right]=k>0$, ${d}_{ii}$ is a $1×1$ pivot block and the $i$th row and column of $A$ were interchanged with the $k$th row and column;
• if ${\mathbf{uplo}}=\mathrm{Nag_Upper}$ and ${\mathbf{ipiv}}\left[i-2\right]={\mathbf{ipiv}}\left[i-1\right]=-l<0$, $\left(\begin{array}{cc}{d}_{i-1,i-1}& {\overline{d}}_{i,i-1}\\ {\overline{d}}_{i,i-1}& {d}_{ii}\end{array}\right)$ is a $2×2$ pivot block and the $\left(i-1\right)$th row and column of $A$ were interchanged with the $l$th row and column;
• if ${\mathbf{uplo}}=\mathrm{Nag_Lower}$ and ${\mathbf{ipiv}}\left[i-1\right]={\mathbf{ipiv}}\left[i\right]=-m<0$, $\left(\begin{array}{cc}{d}_{ii}& {d}_{i+1,i}\\ {d}_{i+1,i}& {d}_{i+1,i+1}\end{array}\right)$ is a $2×2$ pivot block and the $\left(i+1\right)$th row and column of $A$ were interchanged with the $m$th row and column.
6: $\mathbf{fail}$NagError * Input/Output
The NAG error argument (see Section 7 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface).

## 6Error Indicators and Warnings

NE_ALLOC_FAIL
Dynamic memory allocation failed.
See Section 3.1.2 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
On entry, argument $⟨\mathit{\text{value}}⟩$ had an illegal value.
NE_INT
On entry, ${\mathbf{n}}=⟨\mathit{\text{value}}⟩$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{n}}\ge 0$.
NE_INTERNAL_ERROR
An internal error has occurred in this function. Check the function call and any array sizes. If the call is correct then please contact NAG for assistance.
See Section 7.5 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
NE_NO_LICENCE
Your licence key may have expired or may not have been installed correctly.
See Section 8 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
NE_SINGULAR
Element $⟨\mathit{\text{value}}⟩$ of the diagonal is exactly zero. The factorization has been completed, but the block diagonal matrix $D$ is exactly singular, and division by zero will occur if it is used to solve a system of equations.

## 7Accuracy

If ${\mathbf{uplo}}=\mathrm{Nag_Upper}$, the computed factors $U$ and $D$ are the exact factors of a perturbed matrix $A+E$, where
 $|E|≤c(n)εP|U||D||UH|PT ,$
$c\left(n\right)$ is a modest linear function of $n$, and $\epsilon$ is the machine precision.
If ${\mathbf{uplo}}=\mathrm{Nag_Lower}$, a similar statement holds for the computed factors $L$ and $D$.

## 8Parallelism and Performance

f07prc makes calls to BLAS and/or LAPACK routines, which may be threaded within the vendor library used by this implementation. Consult the documentation for the vendor library for further information.
Please consult the X06 Chapter Introduction for information on how to control and interrogate the OpenMP environment used within this function. Please also consult the Users' Note for your implementation for any additional implementation-specific information.

The elements of $D$ overwrite the corresponding elements of $A$; if $D$ has $2×2$ blocks, only the upper or lower triangle is stored, as specified by uplo.
The unit diagonal elements of $U$ or $L$ and the $2×2$ unit diagonal blocks are not stored. The remaining elements of $U$ and $L$ are stored in the corresponding columns of the array ap, but additional row interchanges must be applied to recover $U$ or $L$ explicitly (this is seldom necessary). If ${\mathbf{ipiv}}\left[\mathit{i}-1\right]=\mathit{i}$, for $\mathit{i}=1,2,\dots ,n$ (as is the case when $A$ is positive definite), then $U$ or $L$ are stored explicitly in packed form (except for their unit diagonal elements which are equal to $1$).
The total number of real floating-point operations is approximately $\frac{4}{3}{n}^{3}$.
A call to f07prc may be followed by calls to the functions:
• f07psc to solve $AX=B$;
• f07puc to estimate the condition number of $A$;
• f07pwc to compute the inverse of $A$.
The real analogue of this function is f07pdc.

## 10Example

This example computes the Bunch–Kaufman factorization of the matrix $A$, where
 $A= ( -1.36+0.00i 1.58+0.90i 2.21-0.21i 3.91+1.50i 1.58-0.90i -8.87+0.00i -1.84-0.03i -1.78+1.18i 2.21+0.21i -1.84+0.03i -4.63+0.00i 0.11+0.11i 3.91-1.50i -1.78-1.18i 0.11-0.11i -1.84+0.00i ) ,$
using packed storage.

### 10.1Program Text

Program Text (f07prce.c)

### 10.2Program Data

Program Data (f07prce.d)

### 10.3Program Results

Program Results (f07prce.r)