# NAG CL Interfaced01tcc (dim1_​gauss_​wgen)

Settings help

CL Name Style:

## 1Purpose

d01tcc returns the weights (normal or adjusted) and abscissae for a Gaussian integration rule with a specified number of abscissae. Six different types of Gauss rule are allowed.

## 2Specification

 #include
 void d01tcc (Nag_QuadType quad_type, double a, double b, double c, double d, Integer n, double weight[], double abscis[], NagError *fail)
The function may be called by the names: d01tcc or nag_quad_dim1_gauss_wgen.

## 3Description

d01tcc returns the weights ${w}_{i}$ and abscissae ${x}_{i}$ for use in the summation
 $S = ∑i=1n wi f(xi) ,$
which approximates a definite integral (see Davis and Rabinowitz (1975) or Stroud and Secrest (1966)). The following types are provided:
1. (a)Gauss–Legendre
 $S≃∫ab f(x)dx, exact for ​f(x)=P2n- 1(x).$
Constraint: $b>a$.
2. (b)Gauss–Jacobi
normal weights:
 $S≃∫ab(b-x)c(x-a)df(x)dx, exact for ​f(x)=P2n-1(x),$
 $S≃∫ab f(x)dx, exact for ​f(x)=(b-x)c(x-a)d P2n- 1(x).$
Constraint: $c>-1$, $d>-1$, $b>a$.
3. (c)Exponential Gauss
normal weights:
 $S≃ ∫ab |x- a+b 2 | c f(x)dx, exact for ​f(x)=P2n-1(x),$
 $S ≃ ∫ab f(x)dx, exact for ​f(x) = |x-a+b2| c P2n- 1 (x).$
Constraint: $c>-1$, $b>a$.
4. (d)Gauss–Laguerre
normal weights:
 $S ≃∫a∞|x-a|ce-bxf(x)dx (b>0), ≃∫-∞a|x-a|ce-bxf(x)dx (b<0), exact for ​f(x)=P2n-1(x),$
 $S ≃∫a∞ f(x) dx (b>0), ≃∫-∞a f(x) dx (b<0), exact for ​f(x)=|x-a|ce-bxP2n- 1(x).$
Constraint: $c>-1$, $b\ne 0$.
5. (e)Gauss–Hermite
normal weights:
 $S≃∫-∞ +∞|x-a|ce-b (x-a) 2f(x)dx, exact for ​f(x)=P2n-1(x),$
 $S≃∫-∞ +∞ f(x)dx, exact for ​f(x)=|x-a|c e-b (x-a) 2 P2n- 1(x).$
Constraint: $c>-1$, $b>0$.
6. (f)Rational Gauss
normal weights:
 $S ≃∫a∞|x-a|c|x+b|df(x)dx (a+b>0), ≃∫-∞a|x-a|c|x+b|df(x)dx (a+b<0), exact for ​f(x)=P2n-1 (1x+b ) ,$
 $S ≃∫a∞ f(x) dx (a+b>0), ≃∫-∞a f(x) dx (a+b<0), exact for ​f(x)=|x-a|c|x+b|d P2n- 1 (1x+b ) .$
Constraint: $c>-1$, $d>c+1$, $a+b\ne 0$.
In the above formulae, ${P}_{2n-1}\left(x\right)$ stands for any polynomial of degree $2n-1$ or less in $x$.
The method used to calculate the abscissae involves finding the eigenvalues of the appropriate tridiagonal matrix (see Golub and Welsch (1969)). The weights are then determined by the formula
 $wi = { ∑ j=0 n-1 Pj* (xi)2} −1 ,$
where ${P}_{j}^{*}\left(x\right)$ is the $j$th orthogonal polynomial with respect to the weight function over the appropriate interval.
The weights and abscissae produced by d01tcc may be passed to d01fbc, which will evaluate the summations in one or more dimensions.

## 4References

Davis P J and Rabinowitz P (1975) Methods of Numerical Integration Academic Press
Golub G H and Welsch J H (1969) Calculation of Gauss quadrature rules Math. Comput. 23 221–230
Stroud A H and Secrest D (1966) Gaussian Quadrature Formulas Prentice–Hall

## 5Arguments

1: $\mathbf{quad_type}$Nag_QuadType Input
On entry: indicates the type of quadrature rule.
${\mathbf{quad_type}}=\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Legendre}$
Gauss–Legendre, with normal weights.
${\mathbf{quad_type}}=\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Jacobi}$
Gauss–Jacobi, with normal weights.
${\mathbf{quad_type}}=\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Jacobi_Adjusted}$
Gauss–Jacobi, with adjusted weights.
${\mathbf{quad_type}}=\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Exponential}$
Exponential Gauss, with normal weights.
${\mathbf{quad_type}}=\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Exponential_Adjusted}$
Exponential Gauss, with adjusted weights.
${\mathbf{quad_type}}=\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Laguerre}$
Gauss–Laguerre, with normal weights.
${\mathbf{quad_type}}=\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Laguerre_Adjusted}$
Gauss–Laguerre, with adjusted weights.
${\mathbf{quad_type}}=\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Hermite}$
Gauss–Hermite, with normal weights.
${\mathbf{quad_type}}=\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Hermite_Adjusted}$
Gauss–Hermite, with adjusted weights.
${\mathbf{quad_type}}=\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Rational}$
Rational Gauss, with normal weights.
${\mathbf{quad_type}}=\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Rational_Adjusted}$
Rational Gauss, with adjusted weights.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{quad_type}}=\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Legendre}$, $\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Jacobi}$, $\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Jacobi_Adjusted}$, $\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Exponential}$, $\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Exponential_Adjusted}$, $\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Laguerre}$, $\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Laguerre_Adjusted}$, $\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Hermite}$, $\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Hermite_Adjusted}$, $\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Rational}$ or $\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Rational_Adjusted}$.
2: $\mathbf{a}$double Input
3: $\mathbf{b}$double Input
4: $\mathbf{c}$double Input
5: $\mathbf{d}$double Input
On entry: the parameters $a$, $b$, $c$ and $d$ which occur in the quadrature formulae described in Section 3. c is not used if ${\mathbf{quad_type}}=\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Legendre}$; d is not used unless ${\mathbf{quad_type}}=\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Jacobi}$, $\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Jacobi_Adjusted}$, $\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Rational}$ or $\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Rational_Adjusted}$. For some rules c and d must not be too large (see Section 6).
Constraints:
• if ${\mathbf{quad_type}}=\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Legendre}$, ${\mathbf{a}}<{\mathbf{b}}$;
• if ${\mathbf{quad_type}}=\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Jacobi}$ or $\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Jacobi_Adjusted}$, ${\mathbf{a}}<{\mathbf{b}}$ and ${\mathbf{c}}>-1.0$ and ${\mathbf{d}}>-1.0$;
• if ${\mathbf{quad_type}}=\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Exponential}$ or $\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Exponential_Adjusted}$, ${\mathbf{a}}<{\mathbf{b}}$ and ${\mathbf{c}}>-1.0$;
• if ${\mathbf{quad_type}}=\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Laguerre}$ or $\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Laguerre_Adjusted}$, ${\mathbf{b}}\ne 0.0$ and ${\mathbf{c}}>-1.0$;
• if ${\mathbf{quad_type}}=\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Hermite}$ or $\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Hermite_Adjusted}$, ${\mathbf{b}}>0.0$ and ${\mathbf{c}}>-1.0$;
• if ${\mathbf{quad_type}}=\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Rational}$ or $\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Rational_Adjusted}$, ${\mathbf{a}}+{\mathbf{b}}\ne 0.0$ and ${\mathbf{c}}>-1.0$ and ${\mathbf{d}}>{\mathbf{c}}+1.0$.
6: $\mathbf{n}$Integer Input
On entry: $n$, the number of weights and abscissae to be returned. If ${\mathbf{quad_type}}=\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Exponential_Adjusted}$ or $\mathrm{Nag_Quad_Gauss_Hermite_Adjusted}$ and ${\mathbf{c}}\ne 0.0$, an odd value of n may raise problems (see ${\mathbf{fail}}\mathbf{.}\mathbf{code}=$ NE_INDETERMINATE).
Constraint: ${\mathbf{n}}>0$.
7: $\mathbf{weight}\left[{\mathbf{n}}\right]$double Output
On exit: the n weights.
8: $\mathbf{abscis}\left[{\mathbf{n}}\right]$double Output
On exit: the n abscissae.
9: $\mathbf{fail}$NagError * Input/Output
The NAG error argument (see Section 7 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface).

## 6Error Indicators and Warnings

NE_ALLOC_FAIL
Dynamic memory allocation failed.
See Section 3.1.2 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
On entry, argument $⟨\mathit{\text{value}}⟩$ had an illegal value.
NE_CONSTRAINT
On entry, a, b, c, or d is not in the allowed range: ${\mathbf{a}}=⟨\mathit{\text{value}}⟩$, ${\mathbf{b}}=⟨\mathit{\text{value}}⟩$ ${\mathbf{c}}=⟨\mathit{\text{value}}⟩$, ${\mathbf{d}}=⟨\mathit{\text{value}}⟩$ and ${\mathbf{quad_type}}=⟨\mathit{\text{value}}⟩$.
NE_CONVERGENCE
The algorithm for computing eigenvalues of a tridiagonal matrix has failed to converge.
NE_INDETERMINATE
The contribution of the central abscissa to the summation is indeterminate.
NE_INT
On entry, ${\mathbf{n}}=⟨\mathit{\text{value}}⟩$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{n}}>0$.
NE_INTERNAL_ERROR
An internal error has occurred in this function. Check the function call and any array sizes. If the call is correct then please contact NAG for assistance.
See Section 7.5 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
NE_NO_LICENCE
Your licence key may have expired or may not have been installed correctly.
See Section 8 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
NE_TOO_BIG
One or more of the weights are larger than $\mathit{rmax}$, the largest floating point number on this computer (see X02ALC): $\mathit{rmax}=⟨\mathit{\text{value}}⟩$.
Possible solutions are to use a smaller value of $n$; or, if using adjusted weights to change to normal weights.
NE_TOO_SMALL
One or more of the weights are too small to be distinguished from zero on this machine.
The underflowing weights are returned as zero, which may be a usable approximation.
Possible solutions are to use a smaller value of $n$; or, if using normal weights, to change to adjusted weights.

## 7Accuracy

The accuracy depends mainly on $n$, with increasing loss of accuracy for larger values of $n$. Typically, one or two decimal digits may be lost from machine accuracy with $n\simeq 20$, and three or four decimal digits may be lost for $n\simeq 100$.

## 8Parallelism and Performance

d01tcc makes calls to BLAS and/or LAPACK routines, which may be threaded within the vendor library used by this implementation. Consult the documentation for the vendor library for further information.
Please consult the X06 Chapter Introduction for information on how to control and interrogate the OpenMP environment used within this function. Please also consult the Users' Note for your implementation for any additional implementation-specific information.

The major portion of the time is taken up during the calculation of the eigenvalues of the appropriate tridiagonal matrix, where the time is roughly proportional to ${n}^{3}$.

## 10Example

This example returns the abscissae and (adjusted) weights for the seven-point Gauss–Laguerre formula.

### 10.1Program Text

Program Text (d01tcce.c)

### 10.2Program Data

Program Data (d01tcce.d)

### 10.3Program Results

Program Results (d01tcce.r)