NAG CL Interface
g13cdc (multi_​spectrum_​daniell)

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1 Purpose

g13cdc calculates the smoothed sample cross spectrum of a bivariate time series using spectral smoothing by the trapezium frequency (Daniell) window.

2 Specification

#include <nag.h>
void  g13cdc (Integer nxy, NagMeanOrTrend mt_correction, double pxy, Integer mw, Integer is, double pw, Integer l, Integer kc, const double x[], const double y[], Complex **g, Integer *ng, NagError *fail)
The function may be called by the names: g13cdc, nag_tsa_multi_spectrum_daniell or nag_tsa_spectrum_bivar.

3 Description

The supplied time series may be mean and trend corrected and tapered as in the description of g13cbc before calculation of the unsmoothed sample cross-spectrum
f xy * (ω) = 1 2πn { t=1 n y t exp(iωt)} × { t=1 n x t exp(-iωt)}  
for frequency values ω j = 2πj K , 0 ω j π .
A correction is made for bias due to any tapering.
As in the description of g13cbc for univariate frequency window smoothing, the smoothed spectrum is returned at a subset of these frequencies,
ν l = 2πl L , l = 0 , 1 , , [L/2]  
where [ ] denotes the integer part.
Its real part or co-spectrum cf ( ν l ) , and imaginary part or quadrature spectrum qf ( ν l ) are defined by
f xy ( ν l ) = cf ( ν l ) + iqf ( ν l ) = | ω k | < π/M w ~ k f xy * ( ν l + ω k )  
where the weights w ~ k are similar to the weights w k defined for g13cbc, but allow for an implicit alignment shift S between the series:
w ~ k = w k exp(−2πiSk/L) .  
It is recommended that S is chosen as the lag k at which the cross-covariances c xy (k) peak, so as to minimize bias.
If no smoothing is required, the integer M which determines the frequency window width 2π M , should be set to n .
The bandwidth of the estimates will normally have been calculated in a previous call of g13cbc for estimating the univariate spectra of y t and x t .

4 References

Bloomfield P (1976) Fourier Analysis of Time Series: An Introduction Wiley
Jenkins G M and Watts D G (1968) Spectral Analysis and its Applications Holden–Day

5 Arguments

1: nxy Integer Input
On entry: the length of the time series x and y , n .
Constraint: nxy1 .
2: mt_correction NagMeanOrTrend Input
On entry: whether the data are to be initially mean or trend corrected. mt_correction=Nag_NoCorrection for no correction, mt_correction=Nag_Mean for mean correction, mt_correction=Nag_Trend for trend correction.
Constraint: mt_correction=Nag_NoCorrection, Nag_Mean or Nag_Trend.
3: pxy double Input
On entry: the proportion of the data (totalled over both ends) to be initially tapered by the split cosine bell taper.
A value of 0.0 implies no tapering.
Constraint: 0.0 pxy 1.0 .
4: mw Integer Input
On entry: the frequency width, M , of the smoothing window as 2 π / M .
A value of n implies that no smoothing is to be carried out.
Constraint: 1 mw nxy .
5: is Integer Input
On entry: the alignment shift, S , between the x and y series. If x leads y , the shift is positive.
Constraint: - l < is < l .
6: pw double Input
On entry: the shape argument, p , of the trapezium frequency window.
A value of 0.0 gives a triangular window, and a value of 1.0 a rectangular window.
If mw=nxy (i.e., no smoothing is carried out) then pw is not used.
Constraint: 0.0 pw 1.0 if mwnxy .
7: l Integer Input
On entry: the frequency division, L , of smoothed cross spectral estimates as 2 π / L .
Constraint: l1 .
l must be a factor of kc (see below).
8: kc Integer Input
On entry: the order of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) used to calculate the spectral estimates. kc should be a product of small primes such as 2 m where m is the smallest integer such that 2 m 2 n , provided m20 .
Constraints:
  • kc 2 × nxy ;
  • kc must be a multiple of l. The largest prime factor of kc must not exceed 19, and the total number of prime factors of kc, counting repetitions, must not exceed 20. These two restrictions are imposed by the internal FFT algorithm used.
9: x[kc] const double Input
On entry: the nxy data points of the x series.
10: y[kc] const double Input
On entry: the nxy data points of the y series.
11: g Complex ** Output
On exit: the complex vector which contains the ng cross spectral estimates in elements g[0] to g[ng-1] . The y series leads the x series.
The memory for this vector is allocated internally. If no memory is allocated to g (e.g., when an input error is detected) then g will be NULL on return. If repeated calls to this function are required then NAG_FREE should be used to free the memory in between calls.
12: ng Integer * Output
On exit: the number of spectral estimates, [L/2] + 1 , whose separate parts are held in g.
13: fail NagError * Input/Output
The NAG error argument (see Section 7 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface).

6 Error Indicators and Warnings

NE_2_INT_ARG_CONS
On entry, kc=value while l=value . These arguments must satisfy kc% l0 when l>0 .
On entry, kc=value while nxy=value . These arguments must satisfy kc2 *nxy when nxy>0 .
On entry, l=value while is=value . These arguments must satisfy is < l when l>0 .
NE_2_INT_ARG_GT
On entry, mw=value while nxy=value . These arguments must satisfy mwnxy .
NE_ALLOC_FAIL
Dynamic memory allocation failed.
NE_BAD_PARAM
On entry, argument mt_correction had an illegal value.
NE_FACTOR_GT
At least one of the prime factors of kc is greater than 19.
NE_INT_ARG_LT
On entry, l=value.
Constraint: l1.
On entry, mw=value.
Constraint: mw1.
On entry, nxy=value.
Constraint: nxy1.
NE_INTERNAL_ERROR
An internal error has occurred in this function. Check the function call and any array sizes. If the call is correct then please contact NAG for assistance.
NE_REAL_ARG_GT
On entry, pw must not be greater than 1.0: pw=value .
On entry, pxy must not be greater than 1.0: pxy=value .
NE_REAL_ARG_LT
On entry, pw must not be less than 0.0: pw=value .
On entry, pxy must not be less than 0.0: pxy=value .
NE_TOO_MANY_FACTORS
kc has more than 20 prime factors.

7 Accuracy

The FFT is a numerically stable process, and any errors introduced during the computation will normally be insignificant compared with uncertainty in the data.

8 Parallelism and Performance

Background information to multithreading can be found in the Multithreading documentation.
g13cdc is not threaded in any implementation.

9 Further Comments

g13cdc carries out an FFT of length kc to calculate the sample cross spectrum. The time taken by the function for this is approximately proportional to kc×log(kc) (but see function document c06pac for further details).

10 Example

The example program reads 2 time series of length 296. It selects mean correction and a 10% tapering proportion. It selects a 2 π / 16 frequency width of smoothing window, a window shape argument of 0.5 and an alignment shift of 3. It then calls g13cdc to calculate the smoothed sample cross spectrum and prints the results.

10.1 Program Text

Program Text (g13cdce.c)

10.2 Program Data

Program Data (g13cdce.d)

10.3 Program Results

Program Results (g13cdce.r)