# NAG CL Interfacef01kbc (complex_​gen_​matrix_​cond_​num)

## 1Purpose

f01kbc computes an estimate of the absolute condition number of a matrix function $f$ of a complex $n$ by $n$ matrix $A$ in the $1$-norm. Numerical differentiation is used to evaluate the derivatives of $f$ when they are required.

## 2Specification

 #include
void  f01kbc (Integer n, Complex a[], Integer pda,
 void (*f)(Integer *iflag, Integer nz, const Complex z[], Complex fz[], Nag_Comm *comm),
Nag_Comm *comm, Integer *iflag, double *conda, double *norma, double *normfa, NagError *fail)
The function may be called by the names: f01kbc or nag_matop_complex_gen_matrix_cond_num.

## 3Description

The absolute condition number of $f$ at $A$, ${\mathrm{cond}}_{\mathrm{abs}}\left(f,A\right)$ is given by the norm of the Fréchet derivative of $f$, $L\left(A\right)$, which is defined by
 $LX := maxE≠0 LX,E E ,$
where $L\left(X,E\right)$ is the Fréchet derivative in the direction $E$. $L\left(X,E\right)$ is linear in $E$ and can therefore be written as
 $vec LX,E = KX vecE ,$
where the $\mathrm{vec}$ operator stacks the columns of a matrix into one vector, so that $K\left(X\right)$ is ${n}^{2}×{n}^{2}$. f01kbc computes an estimate $\gamma$ such that $\gamma \le {‖K\left(X\right)‖}_{1}$, where ${‖K\left(X\right)‖}_{1}\in \left[{n}^{-1}{‖L\left(X\right)‖}_{1},n{‖L\left(X\right)‖}_{1}\right]$. The relative condition number can then be computed via
 $cond rel f,A = cond abs f,A A1 fA 1 .$
The algorithm used to find $\gamma$ is detailed in Section 3.4 of Higham (2008).

## 4References

Higham N J (2008) Functions of Matrices: Theory and Computation SIAM, Philadelphia, PA, USA

## 5Arguments

1: $\mathbf{n}$Integer Input
On entry: $n$, the order of the matrix $A$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{n}}\ge 0$.
2: $\mathbf{a}\left[\mathit{dim}\right]$Complex Input/Output
Note: the dimension, dim, of the array a must be at least ${\mathbf{pda}}×{\mathbf{n}}$.
The $\left(i,j\right)$th element of the matrix $A$ is stored in ${\mathbf{a}}\left[\left(j-1\right)×{\mathbf{pda}}+i-1\right]$.
On entry: the $n$ by $n$ matrix $A$.
On exit: the $n$ by $n$ matrix, $f\left(A\right)$.
3: $\mathbf{pda}$Integer Input
On entry: the stride separating matrix row elements in the array a.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{pda}}\ge {\mathbf{n}}$.
4: $\mathbf{f}$function, supplied by the user External Function
The function f evaluates $f\left({z}_{i}\right)$ at a number of points ${z}_{i}$.
The specification of f is:
 void f (Integer *iflag, Integer nz, const Complex z[], Complex fz[], Nag_Comm *comm)
1: $\mathbf{iflag}$Integer * Input/Output
On entry: iflag will be zero.
On exit: iflag should either be unchanged from its entry value of zero, or may be set nonzero to indicate that there is a problem in evaluating the function $f\left(z\right)$; for instance $f\left(z\right)$ may not be defined. If iflag is returned as nonzero then f01kbc will terminate the computation, with ${\mathbf{fail}}\mathbf{.}\mathbf{code}=$ NE_USER_STOP.
2: $\mathbf{nz}$Integer Input
On entry: ${n}_{z}$, the number of function values required.
3: $\mathbf{z}\left[\mathit{dim}\right]$const Complex Input
On entry: the ${n}_{z}$ points ${z}_{1},{z}_{2},\dots ,{z}_{{n}_{z}}$ at which the function $f$ is to be evaluated.
4: $\mathbf{fz}\left[\mathit{dim}\right]$Complex Output
On exit: the ${n}_{z}$ function values. ${\mathbf{fz}}\left[\mathit{i}-1\right]$ should return the value $f\left({z}_{\mathit{i}}\right)$, for $\mathit{i}=1,2,\dots ,{n}_{z}$.
5: $\mathbf{comm}$Nag_Comm *
Pointer to structure of type Nag_Comm; the following members are relevant to f.
userdouble *
iuserInteger *
pPointer
The type Pointer will be void *. Before calling f01kbc you may allocate memory and initialize these pointers with various quantities for use by f when called from f01kbc (see Section 3.1.1 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface).
Note: f should not return floating-point NaN (Not a Number) or infinity values, since these are not handled by f01kbc. If your code inadvertently does return any NaNs or infinities, f01kbc is likely to produce unexpected results.
5: $\mathbf{comm}$Nag_Comm *
The NAG communication argument (see Section 3.1.1 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface).
6: $\mathbf{iflag}$Integer * Output
On exit: ${\mathbf{iflag}}=0$, unless iflag has been set nonzero inside f, in which case iflag will be the value set and fail will be set to ${\mathbf{fail}}\mathbf{.}\mathbf{code}=$ NE_USER_STOP.
7: $\mathbf{conda}$double * Output
On exit: an estimate of the absolute condition number of $f$ at $A$.
8: $\mathbf{norma}$double * Output
On exit: the $1$-norm of $A$.
9: $\mathbf{normfa}$double * Output
On exit: the $1$-norm of $f\left(A\right)$.
10: $\mathbf{fail}$NagError * Input/Output
The NAG error argument (see Section 7 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface).

## 6Error Indicators and Warnings

NE_ALLOC_FAIL
Dynamic memory allocation failed.
See Section 3.1.2 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
On entry, argument $〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$ had an illegal value.
NE_INT
On entry, ${\mathbf{n}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{n}}\ge 0$.
NE_INT_2
On entry, ${\mathbf{pda}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$ and ${\mathbf{n}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{pda}}\ge {\mathbf{n}}$.
NE_INTERNAL_ERROR
An internal error has occurred in this function. Check the function call and any array sizes. If the call is correct then please contact NAG for assistance.
See Section 7.5 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
An internal error occurred when estimating the norm of the Fréchet derivative of $f$ at $A$. Please contact NAG.
An internal error occurred while evaluating the matrix function $f\left(A\right)$. You can investigate further by calling f01flc with the matrix $A$ and the function $f$.
NE_NO_LICENCE
Your licence key may have expired or may not have been installed correctly.
See Section 8 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
NE_USER_STOP
Termination requested in f.

## 7Accuracy

f01kbc uses the norm estimation function f04zdc to estimate a quantity $\gamma$, where $\gamma \le {‖K\left(X\right)‖}_{1}$ and ${‖K\left(X\right)‖}_{1}\in \left[{n}^{-1}{‖L\left(X\right)‖}_{1},n{‖L\left(X\right)‖}_{1}\right]$. For further details on the accuracy of norm estimation, see the documentation for f04zdc.

## 8Parallelism and Performance

f01kbc is threaded by NAG for parallel execution in multithreaded implementations of the NAG Library. In these implementations, this function may make calls to the user-supplied functions from within an OpenMP parallel region. Thus OpenMP pragmas within the user functions can only be used if you are compiling the user-supplied function and linking the executable in accordance with the instructions in the Users' Note for your implementation. You must also ensure that you use the NAG communication argument comm in a thread safe manner, which is best achieved by only using it to supply read-only data to the user functions.
f01kbc makes calls to BLAS and/or LAPACK routines, which may be threaded within the vendor library used by this implementation. Consult the documentation for the vendor library for further information.
Please consult the X06 Chapter Introduction for information on how to control and interrogate the OpenMP environment used within this function. Please also consult the Users' Note for your implementation for any additional implementation-specific information.

Approximately $6{n}^{2}$ of complex allocatable memory is required by the routine, in addition to the memory used by the underlying matrix function routine f01flc.
f01kbc returns the matrix function $f\left(A\right)$. This is computed using f01flc. If only $f\left(A\right)$ is required, without an estimate of the condition number, then it is far more efficient to use f01flc directly.
The real analogue of this function is f01jbc.

## 10Example

This example estimates the absolute and relative condition numbers of the matrix function $\mathrm{sin}2A$ where
 $A = 2.0+0.0i 0.0+1.0i 1.0+1.0i 0.0+3.0i 1.0+1.0i 0.0+2.0i 2.0+2.0i 0.0+0.0i 0.0+0.0i 2.0+0.0i 1.0+2.0i 1.0+0.0i 1.0+1.0i 3.0+0.0i 0.0+0.0i 1.0+2.0i .$

### 10.1Program Text

Program Text (f01kbce.c)

### 10.2Program Data

Program Data (f01kbce.d)

### 10.3Program Results

Program Results (f01kbce.r)