# NAG CL Interfaces17alc (bessel_​zeros)

## 1Purpose

s17alc determines the leading ${\mathbf{n}}$ zeros of one of the Bessel functions ${J}_{\alpha }\left(x\right)$, ${Y}_{\alpha }\left(x\right)$, ${J}_{\alpha }^{\prime }\left(x\right)$ or ${Y}_{\alpha }^{\prime }\left(x\right)$ for real $x$ and non-negative $\alpha$.

## 2Specification

 #include
 void s17alc (double a, Integer n, Integer mode, double rel, double x[], NagError *fail)
The function may be called by the names: s17alc, nag_specfun_bessel_zeros or nag_bessel_zeros.

## 3Description

s17alc attempts to find the leading $N$ zeros of one of the Bessel functions ${J}_{\alpha }\left(x\right)$, ${Y}_{\alpha }\left(x\right)$, ${J}_{\alpha }^{\prime }\left(x\right)$ or ${Y}_{\alpha }^{\prime }\left(x\right)$, where $x$ is real. When $\alpha$ is real, these functions each have an infinite number of real zeros, all of which are simple with the possible exception of $x=0$. If $\alpha \ge 0$, the $\mathit{n}$th positive zero is denoted by ${j}_{\alpha ,\mathit{n}},{j}_{\alpha ,\mathit{n}}^{\prime },{y}_{\alpha ,\mathit{n}}$ and ${y}_{\alpha ,\mathit{n}}^{\prime }$, respectively, for $\mathit{n}=1,2,\dots ,N$, except that $x=0$ is counted as the first zero of ${J}_{\alpha }^{\prime }\left(x\right)$ when $\alpha =0$. Since ${J}_{0}^{\prime }\left(x\right)=-{J}_{1}\left(x\right)$, it therefore follows that ${j}_{0,1}^{\prime }=0$ and ${j}_{0,n}^{\prime }=-{j}_{1,n-1}$ for $n=2,3,\dots ,N-1$. Further details can be found in Section 9.5 of Abramowitz and Stegun (1972).
s17alc is based on Algol 60 procedures given by Temme (1979). Initial approximations to the zeros are computed from asymptotic expansions. These are then improved by higher-order Newton iteration making use of the differential equation for the Bessel functions.

## 4References

Abramowitz M and Stegun I A (1972) Handbook of Mathematical Functions (3rd Edition) Dover Publications
Temme N M (1976) On the numerical evaluation of the ordinary Bessel function of the second kind J. Comput. Phys. 21 343–350
Temme N M (1979) An algorithm with Algol 60 program for the computation of the zeros of ordinary Bessel functions and those of their derivatives J. Comput. Phys. 32 270–279

## 5Arguments

1: $\mathbf{a}$double Input
On entry: the order $\alpha$ of the function.
Constraint: $0.0\le {\mathbf{a}}\le 100000.0$.
2: $\mathbf{n}$Integer Input
On entry: the number $N$ of zeros required.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{n}}\ge 1$.
3: $\mathbf{mode}$Integer Input
On entry: specifies the form of the function whose zeros are required.
${\mathbf{mode}}=1$
The zeros of ${J}_{\alpha }\left(x\right)$ are required.
${\mathbf{mode}}=2$
The zeros of ${Y}_{\alpha }\left(x\right)$ are required;
${\mathbf{mode}}=3$
The zeros of ${J}_{\alpha }^{\prime }\left(x\right)$ are required;
${\mathbf{mode}}=4$
The zeros of ${Y}_{\alpha }^{\prime }\left(x\right)$ are required.
Constraint: $1\le {\mathbf{mode}}\le 4$.
4: $\mathbf{rel}$double Input
On entry: the relative accuracy to which the zeros are required.
Suggested value: the square root of the machine precision.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{rel}}>0.0$.
5: $\mathbf{x}\left[{\mathbf{n}}\right]$double Output
On exit: the $N$ required zeros of the function specified by mode.
6: $\mathbf{fail}$NagError * Input/Output
The NAG error argument (see Section 7 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface).

## 6Error Indicators and Warnings

NE_ALLOC_FAIL
Dynamic memory allocation failed.
See Section 3.1.2 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
On entry, argument $〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$ had an illegal value.
NE_INT
On entry, ${\mathbf{mode}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{mode}}\le 4$.
On entry, ${\mathbf{mode}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{mode}}\ge 1$.
On entry, ${\mathbf{n}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{n}}\ge 1$.
NE_INTERNAL_ERROR
An internal error has occurred in this function. Check the function call and any array sizes. If the call is correct then please contact NAG for assistance.
See Section 7.5 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
NE_NO_LICENCE
Your licence key may have expired or may not have been installed correctly.
See Section 8 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
NE_REAL
On entry, ${\mathbf{a}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{a}}\le 100000.0$.
On entry, ${\mathbf{a}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{a}}\ge 0.0$.
On entry, ${\mathbf{rel}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{rel}}>0.0$.

## 7Accuracy

If the value of rel is set to ${10}^{-d}$, then the required zeros should have approximately $d$ correct significant digits.

## 8Parallelism and Performance

s17alc is not threaded in any implementation.

None.

## 10Example

This example determines the leading five positive zeros of the Bessel function ${J}_{0}\left(x\right)$.

### 10.1Program Text

Program Text (s17alce.c)

### 10.2Program Data

Program Data (s17alce.d)

### 10.3Program Results

Program Results (s17alce.r)