# NAG CL Interfacef08ktc (zungbr)

## 1Purpose

f08ktc generates one of the complex unitary matrices $Q$ or ${P}^{\mathrm{H}}$ which were determined by f08ksc when reducing a complex matrix to bidiagonal form.

## 2Specification

 #include
 void f08ktc (Nag_OrderType order, Nag_VectType vect, Integer m, Integer n, Integer k, Complex a[], Integer pda, const Complex tau[], NagError *fail)
The function may be called by the names: f08ktc, nag_lapackeig_zungbr or nag_zungbr.

## 3Description

f08ktc is intended to be used after a call to f08ksc, which reduces a complex rectangular matrix $A$ to real bidiagonal form $B$ by a unitary transformation: $A=QB{P}^{\mathrm{H}}$. f08ksc represents the matrices $Q$ and ${P}^{\mathrm{H}}$ as products of elementary reflectors.
This function may be used to generate $Q$ or ${P}^{\mathrm{H}}$ explicitly as square matrices, or in some cases just the leading columns of $Q$ or the leading rows of ${P}^{\mathrm{H}}$.
The various possibilities are specified by the arguments vect, m, n and k. The appropriate values to cover the most likely cases are as follows (assuming that $A$ was an $m$ by $n$ matrix):
1. 1.To form the full $m$ by $m$ matrix $Q$:
`nag_lapackeig_zungbr(order,Nag_FormQ,m,m,n,...)`
(note that the array a must have at least $m$ columns).
2. 2.If $m>n$, to form the $n$ leading columns of $Q$:
`nag_lapackeig_zungbr(order,Nag_FormQ,m,n,n,...)`
3. 3.To form the full $n$ by $n$ matrix ${P}^{\mathrm{H}}$:
`nag_lapackeig_zungbr(order,Nag_FormP,n,n,m,...)`
(note that the array a must have at least $n$ rows).
4. 4.If $m, to form the $m$ leading rows of ${P}^{\mathrm{H}}$:
`nag_lapackeig_zungbr(order,Nag_FormP,m,n,m,...)`

## 4References

Golub G H and Van Loan C F (1996) Matrix Computations (3rd Edition) Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore

## 5Arguments

1: $\mathbf{order}$Nag_OrderType Input
On entry: the order argument specifies the two-dimensional storage scheme being used, i.e., row-major ordering or column-major ordering. C language defined storage is specified by ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_RowMajor}$. See Section 3.1.3 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for a more detailed explanation of the use of this argument.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_RowMajor}$ or $\mathrm{Nag_ColMajor}$.
2: $\mathbf{vect}$Nag_VectType Input
On entry: indicates whether the unitary matrix $Q$ or ${P}^{\mathrm{H}}$ is generated.
${\mathbf{vect}}=\mathrm{Nag_FormQ}$
$Q$ is generated.
${\mathbf{vect}}=\mathrm{Nag_FormP}$
${P}^{\mathrm{H}}$ is generated.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{vect}}=\mathrm{Nag_FormQ}$ or $\mathrm{Nag_FormP}$.
3: $\mathbf{m}$Integer Input
On entry: $m$, the number of rows of the unitary matrix $Q$ or ${P}^{\mathrm{H}}$ to be returned.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{m}}\ge 0$.
4: $\mathbf{n}$Integer Input
On entry: $n$, the number of columns of the unitary matrix $Q$ or ${P}^{\mathrm{H}}$ to be returned.
Constraints:
• ${\mathbf{n}}\ge 0$;
• if ${\mathbf{vect}}=\mathrm{Nag_FormQ}$ and ${\mathbf{m}}>{\mathbf{k}}$, ${\mathbf{m}}\ge {\mathbf{n}}\ge {\mathbf{k}}$;
• if ${\mathbf{vect}}=\mathrm{Nag_FormQ}$ and ${\mathbf{m}}\le {\mathbf{k}}$, ${\mathbf{m}}={\mathbf{n}}$;
• if ${\mathbf{vect}}=\mathrm{Nag_FormP}$ and ${\mathbf{n}}>{\mathbf{k}}$, ${\mathbf{n}}\ge {\mathbf{m}}\ge {\mathbf{k}}$;
• if ${\mathbf{vect}}=\mathrm{Nag_FormP}$ and ${\mathbf{n}}\le {\mathbf{k}}$, ${\mathbf{n}}={\mathbf{m}}$.
5: $\mathbf{k}$Integer Input
On entry: if ${\mathbf{vect}}=\mathrm{Nag_FormQ}$, the number of columns in the original matrix $A$.
If ${\mathbf{vect}}=\mathrm{Nag_FormP}$, the number of rows in the original matrix $A$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{k}}\ge 0$.
6: $\mathbf{a}\left[\mathit{dim}\right]$Complex Input/Output
Note: the dimension, dim, of the array a must be at least
• $\mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{pda}}×{\mathbf{n}}\right)$ when ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_ColMajor}$;
• $\mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{m}}×{\mathbf{pda}}\right)$ when ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_RowMajor}$.
On entry: details of the vectors which define the elementary reflectors, as returned by f08ksc.
On exit: the unitary matrix $Q$ or ${P}^{\mathrm{H}}$, or the leading rows or columns thereof, as specified by vect, m and n.
7: $\mathbf{pda}$Integer Input
On entry: the stride separating row or column elements (depending on the value of order) of the matrix $A$ in the array a.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{pda}}\ge \mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{m}}\right)$.
8: $\mathbf{tau}\left[\mathit{dim}\right]$const Complex Input
Note: the dimension, dim, of the array tau must be at least
• $\mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,\mathrm{min}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left({\mathbf{m}},{\mathbf{k}}\right)\right)$ when ${\mathbf{vect}}=\mathrm{Nag_FormQ}$;
• $\mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,\mathrm{min}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left({\mathbf{n}},{\mathbf{k}}\right)\right)$ when ${\mathbf{vect}}=\mathrm{Nag_FormP}$.
On entry: further details of the elementary reflectors, as returned by f08ksc in its argument tauq if ${\mathbf{vect}}=\mathrm{Nag_FormQ}$, or in its argument taup if ${\mathbf{vect}}=\mathrm{Nag_FormP}$.
9: $\mathbf{fail}$NagError * Input/Output
The NAG error argument (see Section 7 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface).

## 6Error Indicators and Warnings

NE_ALLOC_FAIL
Dynamic memory allocation failed.
See Section 3.1.2 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
On entry, argument $〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$ had an illegal value.
NE_ENUM_INT_3
On entry, ${\mathbf{vect}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$, ${\mathbf{m}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$, ${\mathbf{n}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$ and ${\mathbf{k}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{n}}\ge 0$ and
if ${\mathbf{vect}}=\mathrm{Nag_FormQ}$ and ${\mathbf{m}}>{\mathbf{k}}$, ${\mathbf{m}}\ge {\mathbf{n}}\ge {\mathbf{k}}$;
if ${\mathbf{vect}}=\mathrm{Nag_FormQ}$ and ${\mathbf{m}}\le {\mathbf{k}}$, ${\mathbf{m}}={\mathbf{n}}$;
if ${\mathbf{vect}}=\mathrm{Nag_FormP}$ and ${\mathbf{n}}>{\mathbf{k}}$, ${\mathbf{n}}\ge {\mathbf{m}}\ge {\mathbf{k}}$;
if ${\mathbf{vect}}=\mathrm{Nag_FormP}$ and ${\mathbf{n}}\le {\mathbf{k}}$, ${\mathbf{n}}={\mathbf{m}}$.
NE_INT
On entry, ${\mathbf{k}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{k}}\ge 0$.
On entry, ${\mathbf{m}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{m}}\ge 0$.
On entry, ${\mathbf{pda}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{pda}}>0$.
NE_INT_2
On entry, ${\mathbf{pda}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$ and ${\mathbf{m}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{pda}}\ge \mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{m}}\right)$.
NE_INTERNAL_ERROR
An internal error has occurred in this function. Check the function call and any array sizes. If the call is correct then please contact NAG for assistance.
See Section 7.5 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
NE_NO_LICENCE
Your licence key may have expired or may not have been installed correctly.
See Section 8 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.

## 7Accuracy

The computed matrix $Q$ differs from an exactly unitary matrix by a matrix $E$ such that
 $E2 = Oε ,$
where $\epsilon$ is the machine precision. A similar statement holds for the computed matrix ${P}^{\mathrm{H}}$.

## 8Parallelism and Performance

f08ktc is threaded by NAG for parallel execution in multithreaded implementations of the NAG Library.
f08ktc makes calls to BLAS and/or LAPACK routines, which may be threaded within the vendor library used by this implementation. Consult the documentation for the vendor library for further information.
Please consult the X06 Chapter Introduction for information on how to control and interrogate the OpenMP environment used within this function. Please also consult the Users' Note for your implementation for any additional implementation-specific information.

The total number of real floating-point operations for the cases listed in Section 3 are approximately as follows:
1. 1.To form the whole of $Q$:
• $\frac{16}{3}n\left(3{m}^{2}-3mn+{n}^{2}\right)$ if $m>n$,
• $\frac{16}{3}{m}^{3}$ if $m\le n$;
2. 2.To form the $n$ leading columns of $Q$ when $m>n$:
• $\frac{8}{3}{n}^{2}\left(3m-n\right)$;
3. 3.To form the whole of ${P}^{\mathrm{H}}$:
• $\frac{16}{3}{n}^{3}$ if $m\ge n$,
• $\frac{16}{3}{m}^{3}\left(3{n}^{2}-3mn+{m}^{2}\right)$ if $m;
4. 4.To form the $m$ leading rows of ${P}^{\mathrm{H}}$ when $m:
• $\frac{8}{3}{m}^{2}\left(3n-m\right)$.
The real analogue of this function is f08kfc.

## 10Example

For this function two examples are presented, both of which involve computing the singular value decomposition of a matrix $A$, where
 $A = 0.96-0.81i -0.03+0.96i -0.91+2.06i -0.05+0.41i -0.98+1.98i -1.20+0.19i -0.66+0.42i -0.81+0.56i 0.62-0.46i 1.01+0.02i 0.63-0.17i -1.11+0.60i -0.37+0.38i 0.19-0.54i -0.98-0.36i 0.22-0.20i 0.83+0.51i 0.20+0.01i -0.17-0.46i 1.47+1.59i 1.08-0.28i 0.20-0.12i -0.07+1.23i 0.26+0.26i$
in the first example and
 $A = 0.28-0.36i 0.50-0.86i -0.77-0.48i 1.58+0.66i -0.50-1.10i -1.21+0.76i -0.32-0.24i -0.27-1.15i 0.36-0.51i -0.07+1.33i -0.75+0.47i -0.08+1.01i$
in the second. $A$ must first be reduced to tridiagonal form by f08ksc. The program then calls f08ktc twice to form $Q$ and ${P}^{\mathrm{H}}$, and passes these matrices to f08msc, which computes the singular value decomposition of $A$.

### 10.1Program Text

Program Text (f08ktce.c)

### 10.2Program Data

Program Data (f08ktce.d)

### 10.3Program Results

Program Results (f08ktce.r)