NAG CL Interface
s14ccc (beta_​incomplete)

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1 Purpose

s14ccc computes values for the regularized incomplete beta function Ix(a,b) and its complement 1-Ix(a,b).

2 Specification

#include <nag.h>
void  s14ccc (double a, double b, double x, double *w, double *w1, NagError *fail)
The function may be called by the names: s14ccc, nag_specfun_beta_incomplete or nag_incomplete_beta.

3 Description

s14ccc evaluates the regularized incomplete beta function and its complement in the normalized form
Ix(a,b) = 1 B(a,b) 0 x ta-1 (1-t) b-1 dt 1Ix (a,b) = Iy (b,a) , where ​ y=1-x ,  
with
Several methods are used to evaluate the functions depending on the arguments a, b and x. The methods include Wise's asymptotic expansion (see Wise (1950)) when a>b, continued fraction derived by DiDonato and Morris (1992) when a, b>1, and power series when b1 or b×x0.7. When both a and b are large, specifically a, b15, the DiDonato and Morris (1992) asymptotic expansion is employed for greater efficiency.
Once either Ix(a,b) or Iy(b,a) is computed, the other is obtained by subtraction from 1. In order to avoid loss of relative precision in this subtraction, the smaller of Ix(a,b) and Iy(b,a) is computed first.
s14ccc is derived from BRATIO in DiDonato and Morris (1992).

4 References

DiDonato A R and Morris A H (1992) Algorithm 708: Significant digit computation of the incomplete beta function ratios ACM Trans. Math. Software 18 360–373
Wise M E (1950) The incomplete beta function as a contour integral and a quickly converging series for its inverse Biometrika 37 208–218

5 Arguments

1: a double Input
On entry: the argument a of the function.
Constraint: a0.0.
2: b double Input
On entry: the argument b of the function.
Constraints:
  • b0.0;
  • either b0.0 or a0.0.
3: x double Input
On entry: x, upper limit of integration.
Constraints:
  • 0.0x1.0;
  • either x0.0 or a0.0;
  • either 1-x0.0 or b0.0.
4: w double * Output
On exit: the value of the incomplete beta function Ix(a,b) evaluated from zero to x.
5: w1 double * Output
On exit: the value of the complement of the incomplete beta function 1-Ix(a,b), i.e., the incomplete beta function evaluated from x to one.
6: fail NagError * Input/Output
The NAG error argument (see Section 7 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface).

6 Error Indicators and Warnings

NE_ALLOC_FAIL
Dynamic memory allocation failed.
See Section 3.1.2 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
NE_BAD_PARAM
On entry, argument value had an illegal value.
NE_INTERNAL_ERROR
An internal error has occurred in this function. Check the function call and any array sizes. If the call is correct then please contact NAG for assistance.
See Section 7.5 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
NE_NO_LICENCE
Your licence key may have expired or may not have been installed correctly.
See Section 8 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
NE_REAL
On entry, a=value.
Constraint: a0.0.
On entry, b=value.
Constraint: b0.0.
On entry, x=value.
Constraint: 0.0x1.0.
NE_REAL_2
On entry, 1.0-x and b were zero.
Constraint: 1.0-x or b must be nonzero.
On entry, a and b were zero.
Constraint: a or b must be nonzero.
On entry, x and a were zero.
Constraint: x or a must be nonzero.

7 Accuracy

s14ccc is designed to maintain relative accuracy for all arguments. For very tiny results (of the order of machine precision or less) some relative accuracy may be lost – loss of three or four decimal places has been observed in experiments. For other arguments full relative accuracy may be expected.

8 Parallelism and Performance

s14ccc is not threaded in any implementation.

9 Further Comments

None.

10 Example

This example reads values of the arguments a and b from a file, evaluates the function and its complement for 10 different values of x and prints the results.

10.1 Program Text

Program Text (s14ccce.c)

10.2 Program Data

Program Data (s14ccce.d)

10.3 Program Results

Program Results (s14ccce.r)