NAG CL Interfacef08zpc (zggglm)

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1Purpose

f08zpc solves a complex general Gauss–Markov linear (least squares) model problem.

2Specification

 #include
 void f08zpc (Nag_OrderType order, Integer m, Integer n, Integer p, Complex a[], Integer pda, Complex b[], Integer pdb, Complex d[], Complex x[], Complex y[], NagError *fail)
The function may be called by the names: f08zpc, nag_lapackeig_zggglm or nag_zggglm.

3Description

f08zpc solves the complex general Gauss–Markov linear model (GLM) problem
 $minimize x ‖y‖2 subject to d=Ax+By$
where $A$ is an $m×n$ matrix, $B$ is an $m×p$ matrix and $d$ is an $m$ element vector. It is assumed that $n\le m\le n+p$, $\mathrm{rank}\left(A\right)=n$ and $\mathrm{rank}\left(E\right)=m$, where $E=\left(\begin{array}{cc}A& B\end{array}\right)$. Under these assumptions, the problem has a unique solution $x$ and a minimal $2$-norm solution $y$, which is obtained using a generalized $QR$ factorization of the matrices $A$ and $B$.
In particular, if the matrix $B$ is square and nonsingular, then the GLM problem is equivalent to the weighted linear least squares problem
 $minimize x ‖B-1(d-Ax)‖2 .$

4References

Anderson E, Bai Z, Bischof C, Blackford S, Demmel J, Dongarra J J, Du Croz J J, Greenbaum A, Hammarling S, McKenney A and Sorensen D (1999) LAPACK Users' Guide (3rd Edition) SIAM, Philadelphia
Anderson E, Bai Z and Dongarra J (1992) Generalized $QR$ factorization and its applications Linear Algebra Appl. (Volume 162–164) 243–271

5Arguments

1: $\mathbf{order}$Nag_OrderType Input
On entry: the order argument specifies the two-dimensional storage scheme being used, i.e., row-major ordering or column-major ordering. C language defined storage is specified by ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_RowMajor}$. See Section 3.1.3 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for a more detailed explanation of the use of this argument.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_RowMajor}$ or $\mathrm{Nag_ColMajor}$.
2: $\mathbf{m}$Integer Input
On entry: $m$, the number of rows of the matrices $A$ and $B$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{m}}\ge 0$.
3: $\mathbf{n}$Integer Input
On entry: $n$, the number of columns of the matrix $A$.
Constraint: $0\le {\mathbf{n}}\le {\mathbf{m}}$.
4: $\mathbf{p}$Integer Input
On entry: $p$, the number of columns of the matrix $B$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{p}}\ge {\mathbf{m}}-{\mathbf{n}}$.
5: $\mathbf{a}\left[\mathit{dim}\right]$Complex Input/Output
Note: the dimension, dim, of the array a must be at least
• $\mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{pda}}×{\mathbf{n}}\right)$ when ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_ColMajor}$;
• $\mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{m}}×{\mathbf{pda}}\right)$ when ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_RowMajor}$.
The $\left(i,j\right)$th element of the matrix $A$ is stored in
• ${\mathbf{a}}\left[\left(j-1\right)×{\mathbf{pda}}+i-1\right]$ when ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_ColMajor}$;
• ${\mathbf{a}}\left[\left(i-1\right)×{\mathbf{pda}}+j-1\right]$ when ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_RowMajor}$.
On entry: the $m×n$ matrix $A$.
On exit: a is overwritten.
6: $\mathbf{pda}$Integer Input
On entry: the stride separating row or column elements (depending on the value of order) in the array a.
Constraints:
• if ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_ColMajor}$, ${\mathbf{pda}}\ge \mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{m}}\right)$;
• if ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_RowMajor}$, ${\mathbf{pda}}\ge \mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{n}}\right)$.
7: $\mathbf{b}\left[\mathit{dim}\right]$Complex Input/Output
Note: the dimension, dim, of the array b must be at least
• $\mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{pdb}}×{\mathbf{p}}\right)$ when ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_ColMajor}$;
• $\mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{m}}×{\mathbf{pdb}}\right)$ when ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_RowMajor}$.
The $\left(i,j\right)$th element of the matrix $B$ is stored in
• ${\mathbf{b}}\left[\left(j-1\right)×{\mathbf{pdb}}+i-1\right]$ when ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_ColMajor}$;
• ${\mathbf{b}}\left[\left(i-1\right)×{\mathbf{pdb}}+j-1\right]$ when ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_RowMajor}$.
On entry: the $m×p$ matrix $B$.
On exit: b is overwritten.
8: $\mathbf{pdb}$Integer Input
On entry: the stride separating row or column elements (depending on the value of order) in the array b.
Constraints:
• if ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_ColMajor}$, ${\mathbf{pdb}}\ge \mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{m}}\right)$;
• if ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_RowMajor}$, ${\mathbf{pdb}}\ge \mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{p}}\right)$.
9: $\mathbf{d}\left[{\mathbf{m}}\right]$Complex Input/Output
On entry: the left-hand side vector $d$ of the GLM equation.
On exit: d is overwritten.
10: $\mathbf{x}\left[{\mathbf{n}}\right]$Complex Output
On exit: the solution vector $x$ of the GLM problem.
11: $\mathbf{y}\left[{\mathbf{p}}\right]$Complex Output
On exit: the solution vector $y$ of the GLM problem.
12: $\mathbf{fail}$NagError * Input/Output
The NAG error argument (see Section 7 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface).

6Error Indicators and Warnings

NE_ALLOC_FAIL
Dynamic memory allocation failed.
See Section 3.1.2 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
On entry, argument $⟨\mathit{\text{value}}⟩$ had an illegal value.
NE_INT
On entry, ${\mathbf{m}}=⟨\mathit{\text{value}}⟩$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{m}}\ge 0$.
On entry, ${\mathbf{pda}}=⟨\mathit{\text{value}}⟩$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{pda}}>0$.
On entry, ${\mathbf{pdb}}=⟨\mathit{\text{value}}⟩$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{pdb}}>0$.
NE_INT_2
On entry, ${\mathbf{m}}=⟨\mathit{\text{value}}⟩$ and ${\mathbf{n}}=⟨\mathit{\text{value}}⟩$.
Constraint: $0\le {\mathbf{n}}\le {\mathbf{m}}$.
On entry, ${\mathbf{pda}}=⟨\mathit{\text{value}}⟩$ and ${\mathbf{m}}=⟨\mathit{\text{value}}⟩$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{pda}}\ge \mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{m}}\right)$.
On entry, ${\mathbf{pda}}=⟨\mathit{\text{value}}⟩$ and ${\mathbf{n}}=⟨\mathit{\text{value}}⟩$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{pda}}\ge \mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{n}}\right)$.
On entry, ${\mathbf{pdb}}=⟨\mathit{\text{value}}⟩$ and ${\mathbf{m}}=⟨\mathit{\text{value}}⟩$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{pdb}}\ge \mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{m}}\right)$.
On entry, ${\mathbf{pdb}}=⟨\mathit{\text{value}}⟩$ and ${\mathbf{p}}=⟨\mathit{\text{value}}⟩$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{pdb}}\ge \mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{p}}\right)$.
NE_INT_3
On entry, ${\mathbf{p}}=⟨\mathit{\text{value}}⟩$, ${\mathbf{m}}=⟨\mathit{\text{value}}⟩$ and ${\mathbf{n}}=⟨\mathit{\text{value}}⟩$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{p}}\ge {\mathbf{m}}-{\mathbf{n}}$.
NE_INTERNAL_ERROR
An internal error has occurred in this function. Check the function call and any array sizes. If the call is correct then please contact NAG for assistance.
See Section 7.5 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
NE_NO_LICENCE
Your licence key may have expired or may not have been installed correctly.
See Section 8 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
NE_SINGULAR
The bottom $\left(m-n\right)×\left(m-n\right)$ part of the upper trapezoidal factor $T$ associated with $B$ in the generalized $QR$ factorization of the pair $\left(A,B\right)$ is singular, so that $\mathrm{rank}\left(\begin{array}{cc}A& B\end{array}\right); the least squares solutions could not be computed.
The upper triangular factor $R$ associated with $A$ in the generalized $RQ$ factorization of the pair $\left(A,B\right)$ is singular, so that $\mathrm{rank}\left(A\right); the least squares solution could not be computed.

7Accuracy

For an error analysis, see Anderson et al. (1992). See also Section 4.6 of Anderson et al. (1999).

8Parallelism and Performance

f08zpc is threaded by NAG for parallel execution in multithreaded implementations of the NAG Library.
f08zpc makes calls to BLAS and/or LAPACK routines, which may be threaded within the vendor library used by this implementation. Consult the documentation for the vendor library for further information.
Please consult the X06 Chapter Introduction for information on how to control and interrogate the OpenMP environment used within this function. Please also consult the Users' Note for your implementation for any additional implementation-specific information.

When $p=m\ge n$, the total number of real floating-point operations is approximately $\frac{8}{3}\left(2{m}^{3}-{n}^{3}\right)+16n{m}^{2}$; when $p=m=n$, the total number of real floating-point operations is approximately $\frac{56}{3}{m}^{3}$.

10Example

This example solves the weighted least squares problem
 $minimize x ‖B-1(d-Ax)‖2 ,$
where
 $B = ( 0.5-1.0i .0i+0.0 .0i+0.0 .0i+0.0 .0i+0.0 1.0-2.0i .0i+0.0 .0i+0.0 .0i+0.0 .0i+0.0 2.0-3.0i .0i+0.0 .0i+0.0 .0i+0.0 .0i+0.0 5.0-4.0i ) ,$
 $d = ( 6.00-0.40i -5.27+0.90i 2.72-2.13i -1.30-2.80i )$
and
 $A = ( 0.96-0.81i -0.03+0.96i -0.91+2.06i -0.98+1.98i -1.20+0.19i -0.66+0.42i 0.62-0.46i 1.01+0.02i 0.63-0.17i 1.08-0.28i 0.20-0.12i -0.07+1.23i ) .$

10.1Program Text

Program Text (f08zpce.c)

10.2Program Data

Program Data (f08zpce.d)

10.3Program Results

Program Results (f08zpce.r)