NAG CL Interface
g02btc (ssqmat_​update)

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1 Purpose

g02btc updates the sample means and sums of squares and cross-products, or sums of squares and cross-products of deviations about the mean, for a new observation. The data may be weighted.

2 Specification

#include <nag.h>
void  g02btc (Nag_SumSquare mean, Integer m, double wt, const double x[], Integer incx, double *sw, double xbar[], double c[], NagError *fail)
The function may be called by the names: g02btc, nag_correg_ssqmat_update or nag_sum_sqs_update.

3 Description

g02btc is an adaptation of West's WV2 algorithm; see West (1979). This function updates the weighted means of variables and weighted sums of squares and cross-products or weighted sums of squares and cross-products of deviations about the mean for observations on m variables Xj, for j=1,2,,m. For the first i-1 observations let the mean of the jth variable be x¯j(i-1), the cross-product about the mean for the jth and kth variables be cjk(i-1) and the sum of weights be Wi-1. These are updated by the ith observation, xij, for j=1,2,,m, with weight wi as follows:
Wi=Wi-1+wi,  x¯j(i)=x¯j(i-1)+wiWi(xj-x¯j(i-1)),  j=1,2,,m  
and
cjk(i)=cjk(i-1)+wiWi(xj-x¯j(i-1))(xk-x¯k(i-1))Wi- 1,   j= 1,2,,m;k=j,j+ 1,2,,m.  
The algorithm is initialized by taking x¯j(1)=x1j, the first observation and cij(1)=0.0.
For the unweighted case wi=1 and Wi=i for all i.

4 References

Chan T F, Golub G H and Leveque R J (1982) Updating Formulae and a Pairwise Algorithm for Computing Sample Variances Compstat, Physica-Verlag
West D H D (1979) Updating mean and variance estimates: An improved method Comm. ACM 22 532–555

5 Arguments

1: mean Nag_SumSquare Input
On entry: indicates whether g02btc is to calculate sums of squares and cross-products, or sums of squares and cross-products of deviations about the mean.
mean=Nag_AboutMean
The sums of squares and cross-products of deviations about the mean are calculated.
mean=Nag_AboutZero
The sums of squares and cross-products are calculated.
Constraint: mean=Nag_AboutMean or Nag_AboutZero.
2: m Integer Input
On entry: m, the number of variables.
Constraint: m1.
3: wt double Input
On entry: the weight to use for the current observation, wi.
For unweighted means and cross-products set wt=1.0. The use of a suitable negative value of wt, e.g., -wi will have the effect of deleting the observation.
4: x[m×incx] const double Input
On entry: x[(j-1)×incx] must contain the value of the jth variable for the current observation, j=1,2,,m.
5: incx Integer Input
On entry: the increment of x.
Constraint: incx>0.
6: sw double * Input/Output
On entry: the sum of weights for the previous observations, Wi-1.
sw=0.0
The update procedure is initialized.
sw+wt=0.0
All elements of xbar and c are set to zero.
Constraint: sw0.0 and sw+wt0.0.
On exit: contains the updated sum of weights, Wi.
7: xbar[m] double Input/Output
On entry: if sw=0.0, xbar is initialized, otherwise xbar[j-1] must contain the weighted mean of the jth variable for the previous (i-1) observations, x¯j(i-1), for j=1,2,,m.
On exit: xbar[j-1] contains the weighted mean of the jth variable, x¯j(i), for j=1,2,,m.
8: c[(m×m+m)/2] double Input/Output
On entry: if sw0.0, c must contain the upper triangular part of the matrix of weighted sums of squares and cross-products or weighted sums of squares and cross-products of deviations about the mean. It is stored packed form by column, i.e., the cross-product between the jth and kth variable, kj, is stored in c[k×(k-1)/2+j-1].
On exit: the update sums of squares and cross-products stored as on input.
9: fail NagError * Input/Output
The NAG error argument (see Section 7 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface).

6 Error Indicators and Warnings

NE_ALLOC_FAIL
Dynamic memory allocation failed.
See Section 3.1.2 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
NE_BAD_PARAM
On entry, argument value had an illegal value.
NE_INT
On entry, incx=value.
Constraint: incx1.
On entry, m=value.
Constraint: m1.
NE_INTERNAL_ERROR
An internal error has occurred in this function. Check the function call and any array sizes. If the call is correct then please contact NAG for assistance.
See Section 7.5 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
NE_NO_LICENCE
Your licence key may have expired or may not have been installed correctly.
See Section 8 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
NE_REAL
On entry, sw=value.
Constraint: sw0.0.
NE_SUM_WEIGHT
On entry, (sw+wt)=value.
Constraint: (sw+wt)0.0.

7 Accuracy

For a detailed discussion of the accuracy of this method see Chan et al. (1982) and West (1979).

8 Parallelism and Performance

g02btc is not threaded in any implementation.

9 Further Comments

g02btc may be used to update the results returned by g02buc.
g02bwc may be used to calculate the correlation matrix from the matrix of sums of squares and cross-products of deviations about the mean .

10 Example

A program to calculate the means, the required sums of squares and cross-products matrix, and the variance matrix for a set of 3 observations of 3 variables.

10.1 Program Text

Program Text (g02btce.c)

10.2 Program Data

Program Data (g02btce.d)

10.3 Program Results

Program Results (g02btce.r)