NAG CL Interface
f08btc (zgeqp3)

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1 Purpose

f08btc computes the QR factorization, with column pivoting, of a complex m×n matrix.

2 Specification

#include <nag.h>
void  f08btc (Nag_OrderType order, Integer m, Integer n, Complex a[], Integer pda, Integer jpvt[], Complex tau[], NagError *fail)
The function may be called by the names: f08btc, nag_lapackeig_zgeqp3 or nag_zgeqp3.

3 Description

f08btc forms the QR factorization, with column pivoting, of an arbitrary rectangular complex m×n matrix.
If mn, the factorization is given by:
AP= Q ( R 0 ) ,  
where R is an n×n upper triangular matrix (with real diagonal elements), Q is an m×m unitary matrix and P is an n×n permutation matrix. It is sometimes more convenient to write the factorization as
AP= ( Q1 Q2 ) ( R 0 ) ,  
which reduces to
AP= Q1 R ,  
where Q1 consists of the first n columns of Q, and Q2 the remaining m-n columns.
If m<n, R is trapezoidal, and the factorization can be written
AP= Q ( R1 R2 ) ,  
where R1 is upper triangular and R2 is rectangular.
The matrix Q is not formed explicitly but is represented as a product of min(m,n) elementary reflectors (see the F08 Chapter Introduction for details). Functions are provided to work with Q in this representation (see Section 9).
Note also that for any k<n, the information returned in the first k columns of the array a represents a QR factorization of the first k columns of the permuted matrix AP.
The function allows specified columns of A to be moved to the leading columns of AP at the start of the factorization and fixed there. The remaining columns are free to be interchanged so that at the ith stage the pivot column is chosen to be the column which maximizes the 2-norm of elements i to m over columns i to n.

4 References

Anderson E, Bai Z, Bischof C, Blackford S, Demmel J, Dongarra J J, Du Croz J J, Greenbaum A, Hammarling S, McKenney A and Sorensen D (1999) LAPACK Users' Guide (3rd Edition) SIAM, Philadelphia https://www.netlib.org/lapack/lug
Golub G H and Van Loan C F (1996) Matrix Computations (3rd Edition) Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore

5 Arguments

1: order Nag_OrderType Input
On entry: the order argument specifies the two-dimensional storage scheme being used, i.e., row-major ordering or column-major ordering. C language defined storage is specified by order=Nag_RowMajor. See Section 3.1.3 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for a more detailed explanation of the use of this argument.
Constraint: order=Nag_RowMajor or Nag_ColMajor.
2: m Integer Input
On entry: m, the number of rows of the matrix A.
Constraint: m0.
3: n Integer Input
On entry: n, the number of columns of the matrix A.
Constraint: n0.
4: a[dim] Complex Input/Output
Note: the dimension, dim, of the array a must be at least
  • max(1,pda×n) when order=Nag_ColMajor;
  • max(1,m×pda) when order=Nag_RowMajor.
The (i,j)th element of the matrix A is stored in
  • a[(j-1)×pda+i-1] when order=Nag_ColMajor;
  • a[(i-1)×pda+j-1] when order=Nag_RowMajor.
On entry: the m×n matrix A.
On exit: if mn, the elements below the diagonal are overwritten by details of the unitary matrix Q and the upper triangle is overwritten by the corresponding elements of the n×n upper triangular matrix R.
If m<n, the strictly lower triangular part is overwritten by details of the unitary matrix Q and the remaining elements are overwritten by the corresponding elements of the m×n upper trapezoidal matrix R.
The diagonal elements of R are real.
5: pda Integer Input
On entry: the stride separating row or column elements (depending on the value of order) in the array a.
Constraints:
  • if order=Nag_ColMajor, pdamax(1,m);
  • if order=Nag_RowMajor, pdamax(1,n).
6: jpvt[dim] Integer Input/Output
Note: the dimension, dim, of the array jpvt must be at least max(1,n).
On entry: if jpvt[j-1]0, the j th column of A is moved to the beginning of AP before the decomposition is computed and is fixed in place during the computation. Otherwise, the j th column of A is a free column (i.e., one which may be interchanged during the computation with any other free column).
On exit: details of the permutation matrix P. More precisely, if jpvt[j-1]=k, the kth column of A is moved to become the j th column of AP; in other words, the columns of AP are the columns of A in the order jpvt[0],jpvt[1],,jpvt[n-1].
7: tau[dim] Complex Output
Note: the dimension, dim, of the array tau must be at least max(1,min(m,n)).
On exit: further details of the unitary matrix Q.
8: fail NagError * Input/Output
The NAG error argument (see Section 7 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface).

6 Error Indicators and Warnings

NE_ALLOC_FAIL
Dynamic memory allocation failed.
See Section 3.1.2 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
NE_BAD_PARAM
On entry, argument value had an illegal value.
NE_INT
On entry, m=value.
Constraint: m0.
On entry, n=value.
Constraint: n0.
On entry, pda=value.
Constraint: pda>0.
NE_INT_2
On entry, pda=value and m=value.
Constraint: pdamax(1,m).
On entry, pda=value and n=value.
Constraint: pdamax(1,n).
NE_INTERNAL_ERROR
An internal error has occurred in this function. Check the function call and any array sizes. If the call is correct then please contact NAG for assistance.
See Section 7.5 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.
NE_NO_LICENCE
Your licence key may have expired or may not have been installed correctly.
See Section 8 in the Introduction to the NAG Library CL Interface for further information.

7 Accuracy

The computed factorization is the exact factorization of a nearby matrix (A+E), where
E2 = O(ε) A2 ,  
and ε is the machine precision.

8 Parallelism and Performance

f08btc is threaded by NAG for parallel execution in multithreaded implementations of the NAG Library.
f08btc makes calls to BLAS and/or LAPACK routines, which may be threaded within the vendor library used by this implementation. Consult the documentation for the vendor library for further information.
Please consult the X06 Chapter Introduction for information on how to control and interrogate the OpenMP environment used within this function. Please also consult the Users' Note for your implementation for any additional implementation-specific information.

9 Further Comments

The total number of real floating-point operations is approximately 83 n2 (3m-n) if mn or 83 m2 (3n-m) if m<n.
To form the unitary matrix Q f08btc may be followed by a call to f08atc :
nag_lapackeig_zungqr(order,m,m,MIN(m,n),&a,pda,tau,&fail)
but note that the second dimension of the array a must be at least m, which may be larger than was required by f08btc.
When mn, it is often only the first n columns of Q that are required, and they may be formed by the call:
nag_lapackeig_zungqr(order,m,n,n,&a,pda,tau,&fail)
To apply Q to an arbitrary m×p complex rectangular matrix C, f08btc may be followed by a call to f08auc . For example,
nag_lapackeig_zunmqr(order,Nag_LeftSide,Nag_ConjTrans,m,p,MIN(m,n),&a,pda,
  tau,&c,pdc,&fail)
forms the matrix product C=QHC.
To compute a QR factorization without column pivoting, use f08asc.
The real analogue of this function is f08bfc.

10 Example

This example solves the linear least squares problems
minx bj-Axj2 ,   j=1,2  
for the basic solutions x1 and x2, where
A = ( 0.47-0.34i -0.40+0.54i 0.60+0.01i 0.80-1.02i -0.32-0.23i -0.05+0.20i -0.26-0.44i -0.43+0.17i 0.35-0.60i -0.52-0.34i 0.87-0.11i -0.34-0.09i 0.89+0.71i -0.45-0.45i -0.02-0.57i 1.14-0.78i -0.19+0.06i 0.11-0.85i 1.44+0.80i 0.07+1.14i )  
and
B = ( -1.08-2.59i 2.22+2.35i -2.61-1.49i 1.62-1.48i 3.13-3.61i 1.65+3.43i 7.33-8.01i -0.98+3.08i 9.12+7.63i -2.84+2.78i ) .  
and bj is the jth column of the matrix B. The solution is obtained by first obtaining a QR factorization with column pivoting of the matrix A. A tolerance of 0.01 is used to estimate the rank of A from the upper triangular factor, R.

10.1 Program Text

Program Text (f08btce.c)

10.2 Program Data

Program Data (f08btce.d)

10.3 Program Results

Program Results (f08btce.r)