NAG Library Routine Document

1Purpose

f07mhf (dsyrfs) returns error bounds for the solution of a real symmetric indefinite system of linear equations with multiple right-hand sides, $AX=B$. It improves the solution by iterative refinement, in order to reduce the backward error as much as possible.

2Specification

Fortran Interface
 Subroutine f07mhf ( uplo, n, nrhs, a, lda, af, ldaf, ipiv, b, ldb, x, ldx, ferr, berr, work, info)
 Integer, Intent (In) :: n, nrhs, lda, ldaf, ipiv(*), ldb, ldx Integer, Intent (Out) :: iwork(n), info Real (Kind=nag_wp), Intent (In) :: a(lda,*), af(ldaf,*), b(ldb,*) Real (Kind=nag_wp), Intent (Inout) :: x(ldx,*) Real (Kind=nag_wp), Intent (Out) :: ferr(nrhs), berr(nrhs), work(3*n) Character (1), Intent (In) :: uplo
#include <nagmk26.h>
 void f07mhf_ (const char *uplo, const Integer *n, const Integer *nrhs, const double a[], const Integer *lda, const double af[], const Integer *ldaf, const Integer ipiv[], const double b[], const Integer *ldb, double x[], const Integer *ldx, double ferr[], double berr[], double work[], Integer iwork[], Integer *info, const Charlen length_uplo)
The routine may be called by its LAPACK name dsyrfs.

3Description

f07mhf (dsyrfs) returns the backward errors and estimated bounds on the forward errors for the solution of a real symmetric indefinite system of linear equations with multiple right-hand sides $AX=B$. The routine handles each right-hand side vector (stored as a column of the matrix $B$) independently, so we describe the function of f07mhf (dsyrfs) in terms of a single right-hand side $b$ and solution $x$.
Given a computed solution $x$, the routine computes the component-wise backward error $\beta$. This is the size of the smallest relative perturbation in each element of $A$ and $b$ such that $x$ is the exact solution of a perturbed system
 $A+δAx=b+δb δaij≤βaij and δbi≤βbi .$
Then the routine estimates a bound for the component-wise forward error in the computed solution, defined by:
 $maxixi-x^i/maxixi$
where $\stackrel{^}{x}$ is the true solution.
For details of the method, see the F07 Chapter Introduction.

4References

Golub G H and Van Loan C F (1996) Matrix Computations (3rd Edition) Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore

5Arguments

1:     $\mathbf{uplo}$ – Character(1)Input
On entry: specifies whether the upper or lower triangular part of $A$ is stored and how $A$ is to be factorized.
${\mathbf{uplo}}=\text{'U'}$
The upper triangular part of $A$ is stored and $A$ is factorized as $PUD{U}^{\mathrm{T}}{P}^{\mathrm{T}}$, where $U$ is upper triangular.
${\mathbf{uplo}}=\text{'L'}$
The lower triangular part of $A$ is stored and $A$ is factorized as $PLD{L}^{\mathrm{T}}{P}^{\mathrm{T}}$, where $L$ is lower triangular.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{uplo}}=\text{'U'}$ or $\text{'L'}$.
2:     $\mathbf{n}$ – IntegerInput
On entry: $n$, the order of the matrix $A$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{n}}\ge 0$.
3:     $\mathbf{nrhs}$ – IntegerInput
On entry: $r$, the number of right-hand sides.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{nrhs}}\ge 0$.
4:     $\mathbf{a}\left({\mathbf{lda}},*\right)$ – Real (Kind=nag_wp) arrayInput
Note: the second dimension of the array a must be at least $\mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{n}}\right)$.
On entry: the $n$ by $n$ original symmetric matrix $A$ as supplied to f07mdf (dsytrf).
5:     $\mathbf{lda}$ – IntegerInput
On entry: the first dimension of the array a as declared in the (sub)program from which f07mhf (dsyrfs) is called.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{lda}}\ge \mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{n}}\right)$.
6:     $\mathbf{af}\left({\mathbf{ldaf}},*\right)$ – Real (Kind=nag_wp) arrayInput
Note: the second dimension of the array af must be at least $\mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{n}}\right)$.
On entry: details of the factorization of $A$, as returned by f07mdf (dsytrf).
7:     $\mathbf{ldaf}$ – IntegerInput
On entry: the first dimension of the array af as declared in the (sub)program from which f07mhf (dsyrfs) is called.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{ldaf}}\ge \mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{n}}\right)$.
8:     $\mathbf{ipiv}\left(*\right)$ – Integer arrayInput
Note: the dimension of the array ipiv must be at least $\mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{n}}\right)$.
On entry: details of the interchanges and the block structure of $D$, as returned by f07mdf (dsytrf).
9:     $\mathbf{b}\left({\mathbf{ldb}},*\right)$ – Real (Kind=nag_wp) arrayInput
Note: the second dimension of the array b must be at least $\mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{nrhs}}\right)$.
On entry: the $n$ by $r$ right-hand side matrix $B$.
10:   $\mathbf{ldb}$ – IntegerInput
On entry: the first dimension of the array b as declared in the (sub)program from which f07mhf (dsyrfs) is called.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{ldb}}\ge \mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{n}}\right)$.
11:   $\mathbf{x}\left({\mathbf{ldx}},*\right)$ – Real (Kind=nag_wp) arrayInput/Output
Note: the second dimension of the array x must be at least $\mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{nrhs}}\right)$.
On entry: the $n$ by $r$ solution matrix $X$, as returned by f07mef (dsytrs).
On exit: the improved solution matrix $X$.
12:   $\mathbf{ldx}$ – IntegerInput
On entry: the first dimension of the array x as declared in the (sub)program from which f07mhf (dsyrfs) is called.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{ldx}}\ge \mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{n}}\right)$.
13:   $\mathbf{ferr}\left({\mathbf{nrhs}}\right)$ – Real (Kind=nag_wp) arrayOutput
On exit: ${\mathbf{ferr}}\left(\mathit{j}\right)$ contains an estimated error bound for the $\mathit{j}$th solution vector, that is, the $\mathit{j}$th column of $X$, for $\mathit{j}=1,2,\dots ,r$.
14:   $\mathbf{berr}\left({\mathbf{nrhs}}\right)$ – Real (Kind=nag_wp) arrayOutput
On exit: ${\mathbf{berr}}\left(\mathit{j}\right)$ contains the component-wise backward error bound $\beta$ for the $\mathit{j}$th solution vector, that is, the $\mathit{j}$th column of $X$, for $\mathit{j}=1,2,\dots ,r$.
15:   $\mathbf{work}\left(3×{\mathbf{n}}\right)$ – Real (Kind=nag_wp) arrayWorkspace
16:   $\mathbf{iwork}\left({\mathbf{n}}\right)$ – Integer arrayWorkspace
17:   $\mathbf{info}$ – IntegerOutput
On exit: ${\mathbf{info}}=0$ unless the routine detects an error (see Section 6).

6Error Indicators and Warnings

${\mathbf{info}}<0$
If ${\mathbf{info}}=-i$, argument $i$ had an illegal value. An explanatory message is output, and execution of the program is terminated.

7Accuracy

The bounds returned in ferr are not rigorous, because they are estimated, not computed exactly; but in practice they almost always overestimate the actual error.

8Parallelism and Performance

f07mhf (dsyrfs) is threaded by NAG for parallel execution in multithreaded implementations of the NAG Library.
f07mhf (dsyrfs) makes calls to BLAS and/or LAPACK routines, which may be threaded within the vendor library used by this implementation. Consult the documentation for the vendor library for further information.
Please consult the X06 Chapter Introduction for information on how to control and interrogate the OpenMP environment used within this routine. Please also consult the Users' Note for your implementation for any additional implementation-specific information.

For each right-hand side, computation of the backward error involves a minimum of $4{n}^{2}$ floating-point operations. Each step of iterative refinement involves an additional $6{n}^{2}$ operations. At most five steps of iterative refinement are performed, but usually only one or two steps are required.
Estimating the forward error involves solving a number of systems of linear equations of the form $Ax=b$; the number is usually $4$ or $5$ and never more than $11$. Each solution involves approximately $2{n}^{2}$ operations.
The complex analogues of this routine are f07mvf (zherfs) for Hermitian matrices and f07nvf (zsyrfs) for symmetric matrices.

10Example

This example solves the system of equations $AX=B$ using iterative refinement and to compute the forward and backward error bounds, where
 $A= 2.07 3.87 4.20 -1.15 3.87 -0.21 1.87 0.63 4.20 1.87 1.15 2.06 -1.15 0.63 2.06 -1.81 and B= -9.50 27.85 -8.38 9.90 -6.07 19.25 -0.96 3.93 .$
Here $A$ is symmetric indefinite and must first be factorized by f07mdf (dsytrf).

10.1Program Text

Program Text (f07mhfe.f90)

10.2Program Data

Program Data (f07mhfe.d)

10.3Program Results

Program Results (f07mhfe.r)