F04FFF (PDF version)
F04 Chapter Contents
F04 Chapter Introduction
NAG Library Manual

NAG Library Routine Document

F04FFF

Note:  before using this routine, please read the Users' Note for your implementation to check the interpretation of bold italicised terms and other implementation-dependent details.

 Contents

    1  Purpose
    7  Accuracy

1  Purpose

F04FFF solves the equations Tx=b, where T is a real symmetric positive definite Toeplitz matrix.

2  Specification

SUBROUTINE F04FFF ( N, T, B, X, WANTP, P, WORK, IFAIL)
INTEGER  N, IFAIL
REAL (KIND=nag_wp)  T(0:*), B(*), X(N), P(*), WORK(2*(N-1))
LOGICAL  WANTP

3  Description

F04FFF solves the equations
Tx=b,  
where T is the n by n symmetric positive definite Toeplitz matrix
T= τ0 τ1 τ2 τn-1 τ1 τ0 τ1 τn-2 τ2 τ1 τ0 τn-3 . . . . τn-1 τn-2 τn-3 τ0  
and b is an n-element vector.
The routine uses the method of Levinson (see Levinson (1947) and Golub and Van Loan (1996)). Optionally, the reflection coefficients for each step may also be returned.

4  References

Bunch J R (1985) Stability of methods for solving Toeplitz systems of equations SIAM J. Sci. Statist. Comput. 6 349–364
Bunch J R (1987) The weak and strong stability of algorithms in numerical linear algebra Linear Algebra Appl. 88/89 49–66
Cybenko G (1980) The numerical stability of the Levinson–Durbin algorithm for Toeplitz systems of equations SIAM J. Sci. Statist. Comput. 1 303–319
Golub G H and Van Loan C F (1996) Matrix Computations (3rd Edition) Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
Levinson N (1947) The Weiner RMS error criterion in filter design and prediction J. Math. Phys. 25 261–278

5  Parameters

1:     N – INTEGERInput
On entry: the order of the Toeplitz matrix T.
Constraint: N0. When N=0, then an immediate return is effected.
2:     T0:* – REAL (KIND=nag_wp) arrayInput
Note: the dimension of the array T must be at least max1,N.
On entry: Ti must contain the value τi, for i=0,1,,N-1.
Constraint: T0>0.0. Note that if this is not true, then the Toeplitz matrix cannot be positive definite.
3:     B* – REAL (KIND=nag_wp) arrayInput
Note: the dimension of the array B must be at least max1,N.
On entry: the right-hand side vector b.
4:     XN – REAL (KIND=nag_wp) arrayOutput
On exit: the solution vector x.
5:     WANTP – LOGICALInput
On entry: must be set to .TRUE. if the reflection coefficients are required, and must be set to .FALSE. otherwise.
6:     P* – REAL (KIND=nag_wp) arrayOutput
Note: the dimension of the array P must be at least max1,N-1 if WANTP=.TRUE., and at least 1 otherwise.
On exit: with WANTP as .TRUE., the ith element of P contains the reflection coefficient, pi, for the ith step, for i=1,2,,N-1. (See Section 9.) If WANTP is .FALSE., then P is not referenced.
7:     WORK2×N-1 – REAL (KIND=nag_wp) arrayWorkspace
8:     IFAIL – INTEGERInput/Output
On entry: IFAIL must be set to 0, -1​ or ​1. If you are unfamiliar with this parameter you should refer to Section 3.3 in the Essential Introduction for details.
For environments where it might be inappropriate to halt program execution when an error is detected, the value -1​ or ​1 is recommended. If the output of error messages is undesirable, then the value 1 is recommended. Otherwise, because for this routine the values of the output parameters may be useful even if IFAIL0 on exit, the recommended value is -1. When the value -1​ or ​1 is used it is essential to test the value of IFAIL on exit.
On exit: IFAIL=0 unless the routine detects an error or a warning has been flagged (see Section 6).

6  Error Indicators and Warnings

If on entry IFAIL=0 or -1, explanatory error messages are output on the current error message unit (as defined by X04AAF).
Note: F04FFF may return useful information for one or more of the following detected errors or warnings.
Errors or warnings detected by the routine:
IFAIL=-1
On entry,N<0,
orT00.0.
IFAIL>0
The principal minor of order IFAIL of the Toeplitz matrix is not positive definite to working accuracy. The first (IFAIL-1) elements of X return the solution of the equations
TIFAIL-1x=b1,b2,,bIFAIL-1T,  
where Tk is the kth principal minor of T.
IFAIL=-99
An unexpected error has been triggered by this routine. Please contact NAG.
See Section 3.8 in the Essential Introduction for further information.
IFAIL=-399
Your licence key may have expired or may not have been installed correctly.
See Section 3.7 in the Essential Introduction for further information.
IFAIL=-999
Dynamic memory allocation failed.
See Section 3.6 in the Essential Introduction for further information.

7  Accuracy

The computed solution of the equations certainly satisfies
r = Tx-b ,  
where r is approximately bounded by
r cεCT ,  
c being a modest function of n, ε being the machine precision and CT being the condition number of T with respect to inversion. This bound is almost certainly pessimistic, but it seems unlikely that the method of Levinson is backward stable, so caution should be exercised when T is ill-conditioned. The following bound on T-1 holds:
max 1 i=1 n-1 1 - pi2 , 1 i=1 n-1 1-pi T-11 i=1 n-1 1+pi 1-pi .  
(See Golub and Van Loan (1996).) The norm of T-1 may also be estimated using routine F04YDF. For further information on stability issues see Bunch (1985), Bunch (1987), Cybenko (1980) and Golub and Van Loan (1996).

8  Parallelism and Performance

F04FFF is not threaded by NAG in any implementation.
F04FFF makes calls to BLAS and/or LAPACK routines, which may be threaded within the vendor library used by this implementation. Consult the documentation for the vendor library for further information.
Please consult the X06 Chapter Introduction for information on how to control and interrogate the OpenMP environment used within this routine. Please also consult the Users' Note for your implementation for any additional implementation-specific information.

9  Further Comments

The number of floating-point operations used by F04FFF is approximately 4n2.
If yi is the solution of the equations
Tiyi=-τ1τ2τiT,  
then the partial correlation coefficient pi is defined as the ith element of yi.

10  Example

This example finds the solution of the equations Tx=b, where
T= 4 3 2 1 3 4 3 2 2 3 4 3 1 2 3 4   and  b= 1 1 1 1 .  

10.1  Program Text

Program Text (f04fffe.f90)

10.2  Program Data

Program Data (f04fffe.d)

10.3  Program Results

Program Results (f04fffe.r)


F04FFF (PDF version)
F04 Chapter Contents
F04 Chapter Introduction
NAG Library Manual

© The Numerical Algorithms Group Ltd, Oxford, UK. 2015