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Chapter Contents
Chapter Introduction
NAG Toolbox

# NAG Toolbox: nag_sparse_complex_gen_precon_ilu_solve (f11dp)

## Purpose

nag_sparse_complex_gen_precon_ilu_solve (f11dp) solves a system of complex linear equations involving the incomplete $LU$ preconditioning matrix generated by nag_sparse_complex_gen_precon_ilu (f11dn).

## Syntax

[x, ifail] = f11dp(trans, a, irow, icol, ipivp, ipivq, istr, idiag, check, y, 'n', n, 'la', la)
[x, ifail] = nag_sparse_complex_gen_precon_ilu_solve(trans, a, irow, icol, ipivp, ipivq, istr, idiag, check, y, 'n', n, 'la', la)

## Description

nag_sparse_complex_gen_precon_ilu_solve (f11dp) solves a system of complex linear equations
 $Mx=y, or MTx=y,$
according to the value of the argument trans, where the matrix $M=PLDUQ$ corresponds to an incomplete $LU$ decomposition of a complex sparse matrix stored in coordinate storage (CS) format (see Coordinate storage (CS) format in the F11 Chapter Introduction), as generated by nag_sparse_complex_gen_precon_ilu (f11dn).
In the above decomposition $L$ is a lower triangular sparse matrix with unit diagonal elements, $D$ is a diagonal matrix, $U$ is an upper triangular sparse matrix with unit diagonal elements and, $P$ and $Q$ are permutation matrices. $L$, $D$ and $U$ are supplied to nag_sparse_complex_gen_precon_ilu_solve (f11dp) through the matrix
 $C=L+D-1+U-2I$
which is an n by n sparse matrix, stored in CS format, as returned by nag_sparse_complex_gen_precon_ilu (f11dn). The permutation matrices $P$ and $Q$ are returned from nag_sparse_complex_gen_precon_ilu (f11dn) via the arrays ipivp and ipivq.
It is envisaged that a common use of nag_sparse_complex_gen_precon_ilu_solve (f11dp) will be to carry out the preconditioning step required in the application of nag_sparse_complex_gen_basic_solver (f11bs) to sparse complex linear systems. nag_sparse_complex_gen_precon_ilu_solve (f11dp) is used for this purpose by the Black Box function nag_sparse_complex_gen_solve_ilu (f11dq).
nag_sparse_complex_gen_precon_ilu_solve (f11dp) may also be used in combination with nag_sparse_complex_gen_precon_ilu (f11dn) to solve a sparse system of complex linear equations directly (see Direct Solution of Sparse Linear Systems in nag_sparse_complex_gen_precon_ilu (f11dn)). This use of nag_sparse_complex_gen_precon_ilu_solve (f11dp) is illustrated in Example.

None.

## Parameters

### Compulsory Input Parameters

1:     $\mathrm{trans}$ – string (length ≥ 1)
Specifies whether or not the matrix $M$ is transposed.
${\mathbf{trans}}=\text{'N'}$
$Mx=y$ is solved.
${\mathbf{trans}}=\text{'T'}$
${M}^{\mathrm{T}}x=y$ is solved.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{trans}}=\text{'N'}$ or $\text{'T'}$.
2:     $\mathrm{a}\left({\mathbf{la}}\right)$ – complex array
The values returned in the array a by a previous call to nag_sparse_complex_gen_precon_ilu (f11dn).
3:     $\mathrm{irow}\left({\mathbf{la}}\right)$int64int32nag_int array
4:     $\mathrm{icol}\left({\mathbf{la}}\right)$int64int32nag_int array
5:     $\mathrm{ipivp}\left({\mathbf{n}}\right)$int64int32nag_int array
6:     $\mathrm{ipivq}\left({\mathbf{n}}\right)$int64int32nag_int array
7:     $\mathrm{istr}\left({\mathbf{n}}+1\right)$int64int32nag_int array
8:     $\mathrm{idiag}\left({\mathbf{n}}\right)$int64int32nag_int array
The values returned in arrays irow, icol, ipivp, ipivq, istr and idiag by a previous call to nag_sparse_complex_gen_precon_ilu (f11dn).
9:     $\mathrm{check}$ – string (length ≥ 1)
Specifies whether or not the CS representation of the matrix $M$ should be checked.
${\mathbf{check}}=\text{'C'}$
Checks are carried on the values of n, irow, icol, ipivp, ipivq, istr and idiag.
${\mathbf{check}}=\text{'N'}$
None of these checks are carried out.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{check}}=\text{'C'}$ or $\text{'N'}$.
10:   $\mathrm{y}\left({\mathbf{n}}\right)$ – complex array
The right-hand side vector $y$.

### Optional Input Parameters

1:     $\mathrm{n}$int64int32nag_int scalar
Default: the dimension of the arrays ipivp, ipivq, idiag, y. (An error is raised if these dimensions are not equal.)
$n$, the order of the matrix $M$. This must be the same value as was supplied in the preceding call to nag_sparse_complex_gen_precon_ilu (f11dn).
Constraint: ${\mathbf{n}}\ge 1$.
2:     $\mathrm{la}$int64int32nag_int scalar
Default: the dimension of the arrays a, irow, icol. (An error is raised if these dimensions are not equal.)
The dimension of the arrays a, irow and icol. this must be the same value supplied in the preceding call to nag_sparse_complex_gen_precon_ilu (f11dn).

### Output Parameters

1:     $\mathrm{x}\left({\mathbf{n}}\right)$ – complex array
The solution vector $x$.
2:     $\mathrm{ifail}$int64int32nag_int scalar
${\mathbf{ifail}}={\mathbf{0}}$ unless the function detects an error (see Error Indicators and Warnings).

## Error Indicators and Warnings

Errors or warnings detected by the function:
${\mathbf{ifail}}=1$
 On entry, ${\mathbf{trans}}\ne \text{'N'}$ or $\text{'T'}$, or ${\mathbf{check}}\ne \text{'C'}$ or $\text{'N'}$.
${\mathbf{ifail}}=2$
 On entry, ${\mathbf{n}}<1$.
${\mathbf{ifail}}=3$
On entry, the CS representation of the preconditioning matrix $M$ is invalid. Further details are given in the error message. Check that the call to nag_sparse_complex_gen_precon_ilu_solve (f11dp) has been preceded by a valid call to nag_sparse_complex_gen_precon_ilu (f11dn) and that the arrays a, irow, icol, ipivp, ipivq, istr and idiag have not been corrupted between the two calls.
${\mathbf{ifail}}=-99$
${\mathbf{ifail}}=-399$
Your licence key may have expired or may not have been installed correctly.
${\mathbf{ifail}}=-999$
Dynamic memory allocation failed.

## Accuracy

If ${\mathbf{trans}}=\text{'N'}$ the computed solution $x$ is the exact solution of a perturbed system of equations $\left(M+\delta M\right)x=y$, where
 $δM≤cnεPLDUQ,$
$c\left(n\right)$ is a modest linear function of $n$, and $\epsilon$ is the machine precision. An equivalent result holds when ${\mathbf{trans}}=\text{'T'}$.

### Timing

The time taken for a call to nag_sparse_complex_gen_precon_ilu_solve (f11dp) is proportional to the value of nnzc returned from nag_sparse_complex_gen_precon_ilu (f11dn).

### Use of check

It is expected that a common use of nag_sparse_complex_gen_precon_ilu_solve (f11dp) will be to carry out the preconditioning step required in the application of nag_sparse_complex_gen_basic_solver (f11bs) to sparse complex linear systems. In this situation nag_sparse_complex_gen_precon_ilu_solve (f11dp) is likely to be called many times with the same matrix $M$. In the interests of both reliability and efficiency, you are recommended to set ${\mathbf{check}}=\text{'C'}$ for the first of such calls, and to set ${\mathbf{check}}=\text{'N'}$ for all subsequent calls.

## Example

This example reads in a complex sparse non-Hermitian matrix $A$ and a vector $y$. It then calls nag_sparse_complex_gen_precon_ilu (f11dn), with ${\mathbf{lfill}}=-1$ and ${\mathbf{dtol}}=0.0$, to compute the complete $LU$ decomposition
 $A=PLDUQ.$
Finally it calls nag_sparse_complex_gen_precon_ilu_solve (f11dp) to solve the system
 $PLDUQx=y.$
```function f11dp_example

fprintf('f11dp example results\n\n');

% Solve sparse system Ax = b using complete LU decomposition

% Define sparse matrix A and RHS B
n    = int64(4);
nz   = int64(11);
a    = zeros(3*nz, 1);
irow = zeros(3*nz, 1, 'int64');
icol = irow;
sparseA = [  1  2    1    2;
1  3    1    3;
-1 -3    2    1;
2  0    2    3;
0  4    2    4;
3  4    3    1;
-2  0    3    4;
1 -1    4    1;
-2 -1    4    2;
1  0    4    3;
1  3    4    4];
a(1:nz)    = sparseA(:,1) + i*sparseA(:,2);
irow(1:nz) = int64(sparseA(:,3));
icol(1:nz) = int64(sparseA(:,4));

b          = [ 5 + 14i;
21 +  5i;
-21 + 18i;
14 +  4i];

% ILU preconditioner
%     Input parameters
lfill = int64(-1);
dtol  = 0;
milu  = 'No modification';
ipivp = zeros(n, 1, 'int64');
ipivq = zeros(n, 1, 'int64');
% Compute complete factorization
[a, irow, icol, ipivp, ipivq, istr, idiag, nnzc, npivm, ifail] = ...
f11dn(...
nz, a, irow, icol, lfill, dtol, milu, ipivp, ipivq);

% Check whether factorization is complete
if npivm>0
error('Factorization is not complete');
end

% Solution Setup
%      Input parameters
[x, ifail] = f11dp( ...
'N', a, irow, icol, ipivp, ipivq, istr, idiag, 'C', b);

disp('Solution of linear system');
disp(x);

```
```f11dp example results

Solution of linear system
1.0000 + 4.0000i
2.0000 + 3.0000i
3.0000 - 2.0000i
4.0000 - 1.0000i

```