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NAG Toolbox: nag_sum_withdraw_fft_hermitian_1d_multi_rfmt (c06fq)

 Contents

    1  Purpose
    2  Syntax
    7  Accuracy
    9  Example

Purpose

nag_sum_fft_hermitian_1d_multi_rfmt (c06fq) computes the discrete Fourier transforms of m Hermitian sequences, each containing n complex data values. This function is designed to be particularly efficient on vector processors.

Syntax

[x, trig, ifail] = c06fq(m, n, x, init, trig)
[x, trig, ifail] = nag_sum_withdraw_fft_hermitian_1d_multi_rfmt(m, n, x, init, trig)

Description

Given m Hermitian sequences of n complex data values zjp , for j=0,1,,n-1 and p=1,2,,m, nag_sum_fft_hermitian_1d_multi_rfmt (c06fq) simultaneously calculates the Fourier transforms of all the sequences defined by
x^kp = 1n j=0 n-1 zjp × exp -i 2πjk n ,   k= 0, 1, , n-1 ​ and ​ p= 1, 2, , m .  
(Note the scale factor 1n  in this definition.)
The transformed values are purely real (see also the C06 Chapter Introduction).
The discrete Fourier transform is sometimes defined using a positive sign in the exponential term
x^kp = 1n j=0 n-1 zjp × exp +i 2πjkn .  
To compute this form, this function should be preceded by forming the complex conjugates of the z^kp ; that is xk=-xk, for k=n/2+1×m+1,,m×n.
The function uses a variant of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm (see Brigham (1974)) known as the Stockham self-sorting algorithm, which is described in Temperton (1983). Special coding is provided for the factors 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. This function is designed to be particularly efficient on vector processors, and it becomes especially fast as m, the number of transforms to be computed in parallel, increases.

References

Brigham E O (1974) The Fast Fourier Transform Prentice–Hall
Temperton C (1983) Fast mixed-radix real Fourier transforms J. Comput. Phys. 52 340–350

Parameters

Compulsory Input Parameters

1:     m int64int32nag_int scalar
m, the number of sequences to be transformed.
Constraint: m1.
2:     n int64int32nag_int scalar
n, the number of data values in each sequence.
Constraint: n1.
3:     x m×n – double array
The data must be stored in x as if in a two-dimensional array of dimension 1:m,0:n-1; each of the m sequences is stored in a row of the array in Hermitian form. If the n data values zjp are written as xjp + i yjp, then for 0 j n/2, xjp is contained in xpj, and for 1 j n-1/2, yjp is contained in xpn-j. (See also Real transforms in the C06 Chapter Introduction.)
4:     init – string (length ≥ 1)
Indicates whether trigonometric coefficients are to be calculated.
init='I'
Calculate the required trigonometric coefficients for the given value of n, and store in the array trig.
init='S' or 'R'
The required trigonometric coefficients are assumed to have been calculated and stored in the array trig in a prior call to one of nag_sum_fft_real_1d_multi_rfmt (c06fp), nag_sum_fft_hermitian_1d_multi_rfmt (c06fq) or nag_sum_fft_complex_1d_multi_rfmt (c06fr). The function performs a simple check that the current value of n is consistent with the values stored in trig.
Constraint: init='I', 'S' or 'R'.
5:     trig 2×n – double array
If init='S' or 'R', trig must contain the required trigonometric coefficients that have been previously calculated. Otherwise trig need not be set.

Optional Input Parameters

None.

Output Parameters

1:     x m×n – double array
The components of the m discrete Fourier transforms, stored as if in a two-dimensional array of dimension 1:m,0:n-1 . Each of the m transforms is stored as a row of the array, overwriting the corresponding original sequence. If the n components of the discrete Fourier transform are denoted by x^kp , for k=0,1,,n-1, then the mn elements of the array x contain the values
x^01 , x^02 ,, x^0m , x^11 , x^12 ,, x^1m ,, x^ n-1 1 , x^ n-1 2 ,, x^ n-1 m .  
2:     trig 2×n – double array
Contains the required coefficients (computed by the function if init='I').
3:     ifail int64int32nag_int scalar
ifail=0 unless the function detects an error (see Error Indicators and Warnings).

Error Indicators and Warnings

Errors or warnings detected by the function:
   ifail=1
On entry,m<1.
   ifail=2
On entry,n<1.
   ifail=3
On entry,init'I', 'S' or 'R'.
   ifail=4
Not used at this Mark.
   ifail=5
On entry,init='S' or 'R', but the array trig and the current value of n are inconsistent.
   ifail=6
An unexpected error has occurred in an internal call. Check all function calls and array dimensions. Seek expert help.
   ifail=-99
An unexpected error has been triggered by this routine. Please contact NAG.
   ifail=-399
Your licence key may have expired or may not have been installed correctly.
   ifail=-999
Dynamic memory allocation failed.

Accuracy

Some indication of accuracy can be obtained by performing a subsequent inverse transform and comparing the results with the original sequence (in exact arithmetic they would be identical).

Further Comments

The time taken by nag_sum_fft_hermitian_1d_multi_rfmt (c06fq) is approximately proportional to nm logn, but also depends on the factors of n. nag_sum_fft_hermitian_1d_multi_rfmt (c06fq) is fastest if the only prime factors of n are 2, 3 and 5, and is particularly slow if n is a large prime, or has large prime factors.

Example

This example reads in sequences of real data values which are assumed to be Hermitian sequences of complex data stored in Hermitian form. The sequences are expanded into full complex form and printed. The discrete Fourier transforms are then computed (using nag_sum_fft_hermitian_1d_multi_rfmt (c06fq)) and printed out. Inverse transforms are then calculated by conjugating and calling nag_sum_fft_real_1d_multi_rfmt (c06fp) showing that the original sequences are restored.
function c06fq_example


fprintf('c06fq example results\n\n');

% 3 Hermitian sequences stored as rows in compact form
m = int64(3);
n = int64(6);
x = [0.3854  0.6772  0.1138  0.6751  0.6362  0.1424;
     0.5417  0.2983  0.1181  0.7255  0.8638  0.8723;
     0.9172  0.0644  0.6037  0.6430  0.0428  0.4815];

disp('Original values in compact Hermitian form:');
disp(x);

for j = 1

  [u, v, ifail] = c06gs(m, n, x);
  z(j,:) = nag_herm2complex(x(j,:));
end
title = 'Original data written in full complex form:';
[ifail] = x04da('General','Non-unit', z, title);

% Transform to get Hermitian sequences
init = 'Initial';
trig = zeros(2*n,1);
[xt, trig, ifail] = c06fq(m, n, x, init, trig);
disp(' ');
disp('Discrete Fourier transforms (real values):');
disp(xt);

% Restore data by back transform and conjugation
init = 'Subsequent';
[xr, trig, ifail] = c06fp(m, n, xt, init, trig);
nd = double(n);
xr(1:m,floor(nd/2)+2:n) = -xr(1:m,floor(nd/2)+2:n);

disp('Original data as restored by inverse transform');
disp(xr);



function [z] = nag_herm2complex(x);
  n = size(x,2);
  z(1) = complex(x(1));
  for j = 2:floor((n-1)/2) + 1
    z(j) = x(j) + i*x(n-j+2);
    z(n-j+2) = x(j) - i*x(n-j+2);
  end
  if (mod(n,2)==0)
    z(n/2+1) = complex(x(n/2+1));
  end
c06fq example results

Original values in compact Hermitian form:
    0.3854    0.6772    0.1138    0.6751    0.6362    0.1424
    0.5417    0.2983    0.1181    0.7255    0.8638    0.8723
    0.9172    0.0644    0.6037    0.6430    0.0428    0.4815

 Original data written in full complex form:
          1       2       3       4       5       6
 1   0.3854  0.6772  0.1138  0.6751  0.1138  0.6772
     0.0000  0.1424  0.6362  0.0000 -0.6362 -0.1424
 
Discrete Fourier transforms (real values):
    1.0788    0.6623   -0.2391   -0.5783    0.4592   -0.4388
    0.8573    1.2261    0.3533   -0.2222    0.3413   -1.2291
    1.1825    0.2625    0.6744    0.5523    0.0540   -0.4790

Original data as restored by inverse transform
    0.3854    0.6772    0.1138    0.6751    0.6362    0.1424
    0.5417    0.2983    0.1181    0.7255    0.8638    0.8723
    0.9172    0.0644    0.6037    0.6430    0.0428    0.4815


PDF version (NAG web site, 64-bit version, 64-bit version)
Chapter Contents
Chapter Introduction
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