F08 Chapter Contents
F08 Chapter Introduction
NAG Library Manual

# NAG Library Routine DocumentF08CFF (DORGQL)

Note:  before using this routine, please read the Users' Note for your implementation to check the interpretation of bold italicised terms and other implementation-dependent details.

## 1  Purpose

F08CFF (DORGQL) generates all or part of the real $m$ by $m$ orthogonal matrix $Q$ from a $QL$ factorization computed by F08CEF (DGEQLF).

## 2  Specification

 SUBROUTINE F08CFF ( M, N, K, A, LDA, TAU, WORK, LWORK, INFO)
 INTEGER M, N, K, LDA, LWORK, INFO REAL (KIND=nag_wp) A(LDA,*), TAU(*), WORK(max(1,LWORK))
The routine may be called by its LAPACK name dorgql.

## 3  Description

F08CFF (DORGQL) is intended to be used after a call to F08CEF (DGEQLF), which performs a $QL$ factorization of a real matrix $A$. The orthogonal matrix $Q$ is represented as a product of elementary reflectors.
This routine may be used to generate $Q$ explicitly as a square matrix, or to form only its trailing columns.
Usually $Q$ is determined from the $QL$ factorization of an $m$ by $p$ matrix $A$ with $m\ge p$. The whole of $Q$ may be computed by:
```CALL DORGQL(M,M,P,A,LDA,TAU,WORK,LWORK,INFO)
```
(note that the array A must have at least $m$ columns) or its trailing $p$ columns by:
```CALL DORGQL(M,P,P,A,LDA,TAU,WORK,LWORK,INFO)
```
The columns of $Q$ returned by the last call form an orthonormal basis for the space spanned by the columns of $A$; thus F08CEF (DGEQLF) followed by F08CFF (DORGQL) can be used to orthogonalize the columns of $A$.
The information returned by F08CEF (DGEQLF) also yields the $QL$ factorization of the trailing $k$ columns of $A$, where $k. The orthogonal matrix arising from this factorization can be computed by:
```CALL DORGQL(M,M,K,A,LDA,TAU,WORK,LWORK,INFO)
```
or its trailing $k$ columns by:
```CALL DORGQL(M,K,K,A,LDA,TAU,WORK,LWORK,INFO)
```

## 4  References

Anderson E, Bai Z, Bischof C, Blackford S, Demmel J, Dongarra J J, Du Croz J J, Greenbaum A, Hammarling S, McKenney A and Sorensen D (1999) LAPACK Users' Guide (3rd Edition) SIAM, Philadelphia http://www.netlib.org/lapack/lug
Golub G H and Van Loan C F (1996) Matrix Computations (3rd Edition) Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore

## 5  Parameters

1:     M – INTEGERInput
On entry: $m$, the number of rows of the matrix $Q$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{M}}\ge 0$.
2:     N – INTEGERInput
On entry: $n$, the number of columns of the matrix $Q$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{M}}\ge {\mathbf{N}}\ge 0$.
3:     K – INTEGERInput
On entry: $k$, the number of elementary reflectors whose product defines the matrix $Q$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{N}}\ge {\mathbf{K}}\ge 0$.
4:     A(LDA,$*$) – REAL (KIND=nag_wp) arrayInput/Output
Note: the second dimension of the array A must be at least $\mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{N}}\right)$.
On entry: details of the vectors which define the elementary reflectors, as returned by F08CEF (DGEQLF).
On exit: the $m$ by $n$ matrix $Q$.
5:     LDA – INTEGERInput
On entry: the first dimension of the array A as declared in the (sub)program from which F08CFF (DORGQL) is called.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{LDA}}\ge \mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{M}}\right)$.
6:     TAU($*$) – REAL (KIND=nag_wp) arrayInput
Note: the dimension of the array TAU must be at least $\mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{K}}\right)$.
On entry: further details of the elementary reflectors, as returned by F08CEF (DGEQLF).
7:     WORK($\mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{LWORK}}\right)$) – REAL (KIND=nag_wp) arrayWorkspace
On exit: if ${\mathbf{INFO}}={\mathbf{0}}$, ${\mathbf{WORK}}\left(1\right)$ contains the minimum value of LWORK required for optimal performance.
8:     LWORK – INTEGERInput
On entry: the dimension of the array WORK as declared in the (sub)program from which F08CFF (DORGQL) is called.
If ${\mathbf{LWORK}}=-1$, a workspace query is assumed; the routine only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error message related to LWORK is issued.
Suggested value: for optimal performance, ${\mathbf{LWORK}}\ge {\mathbf{N}}×\mathit{nb}$, where $\mathit{nb}$ is the optimal block size.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{LWORK}}\ge \mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{N}}\right)$.
9:     INFO – INTEGEROutput
On exit: ${\mathbf{INFO}}=0$ unless the routine detects an error (see Section 6).

## 6  Error Indicators and Warnings

Errors or warnings detected by the routine:
${\mathbf{INFO}}<0$
If ${\mathbf{INFO}}=-i$, argument $i$ had an illegal value. An explanatory message is output, and execution of the program is terminated.

## 7  Accuracy

The computed matrix $Q$ differs from an exactly orthogonal matrix by a matrix $E$ such that
 $E2 = Oε ,$
where $\epsilon$ is the machine precision.

The total number of floating point operations is approximately $4mnk-2\left(m+n\right){k}^{2}+\frac{4}{3}{k}^{3}$; when $n=k$, the number is approximately $\frac{2}{3}{n}^{2}\left(3m-n\right)$.
The complex analogue of this routine is F08CTF (ZUNGQL).

## 9  Example

This example generates the first four columns of the matrix $Q$ of the $QL$ factorization of $A$ as returned by F08CEF (DGEQLF), where
 $A = -0.57 -1.28 -0.39 0.25 -1.93 1.08 -0.31 -2.14 2.30 0.24 0.40 -0.35 -1.93 0.64 -0.66 0.08 0.15 0.30 0.15 -2.13 -0.02 1.03 -1.43 0.50 .$
Note that the block size (NB) of $64$ assumed in this example is not realistic for such a small problem, but should be suitable for large problems.

### 9.1  Program Text

Program Text (f08cffe.f90)

### 9.2  Program Data

Program Data (f08cffe.d)

### 9.3  Program Results

Program Results (f08cffe.r)