! E05SAF Example Program Text ! Mark 24 Release. NAG Copyright 2012. Module e05safe_mod ! E05SAF Example Program Module: ! Parameters and User-defined Routines ! .. Use Statements .. Use nag_library, Only: nag_wp ! .. Implicit None Statement .. Implicit None ! .. Parameters .. Real (Kind=nag_wp), Parameter :: & f_target = -4.189828872724337E2_nag_wp Real (Kind=nag_wp), Parameter :: one = 1.0E0_nag_wp Real (Kind=nag_wp), Parameter :: zero = 0.0_nag_wp Integer, Parameter :: detail_level = 0, & iuser_reference = 1, & liopts = 100, lopts = 100, & ndim = 20, nout = 6, & report_freq = 100, & ruser_global = 1 Real (Kind=nag_wp), Parameter :: & x_target(1:ndim) = -420.9687463599820_nag_wp Contains Subroutine objfun_schwefel_objective(ndim,x,f,w) ! subroutine to calculate the objective using provided workspace ! .. Use Statements .. Use nag_library, Only: ddot ! .. Scalar Arguments .. Real (Kind=nag_wp), Intent (Out) :: f Integer, Intent (In) :: ndim ! .. Array Arguments .. Real (Kind=nag_wp), Intent (Out) :: w(ndim) Real (Kind=nag_wp), Intent (In) :: x(ndim) ! .. Intrinsic Procedures .. Intrinsic :: abs, sin, sqrt ! .. Executable Statements .. w = abs(x) w = sqrt(w) w = sin(w) f = ddot(ndim,x,1,w,1) Return End Subroutine objfun_schwefel_objective Subroutine objfun_schwefel_gradient(ndim,x,g,w1,w2) ! subroutine to calculate the gradient of the objective function with provided workspace ! .. Use Statements .. Use nag_library, Only: dscal ! .. Scalar Arguments .. Integer, Intent (In) :: ndim ! .. Array Arguments .. Real (Kind=nag_wp), Intent (Out) :: g(ndim), w1(ndim), w2(ndim) Real (Kind=nag_wp), Intent (In) :: x(ndim) ! .. Intrinsic Procedures .. Intrinsic :: abs, cos, sin, sqrt ! .. Executable Statements .. Continue w1 = sqrt(abs(x)) w2 = cos(w1) g = sin(w1) Call dscal(ndim,0.5E0_nag_wp,w1,1) g = g + w1*w2 Return End Subroutine objfun_schwefel_gradient Subroutine objfun_schwefel(mode,ndim,x,objf,vecout,nstate,iuser,ruser) ! Objfun routine for the Schwefel function for E05SAF. ! .. Scalar Arguments .. Real (Kind=nag_wp), Intent (Inout) :: objf Integer, Intent (Inout) :: mode Integer, Intent (In) :: ndim, nstate ! .. Array Arguments .. Real (Kind=nag_wp), Intent (Inout) :: ruser(*), vecout(ndim) Real (Kind=nag_wp), Intent (In) :: x(ndim) Integer, Intent (Inout) :: iuser(*) ! .. Local Scalars .. Integer :: threadno, work_1, work_2 Logical :: evalobjf, evalobjg ! .. External Procedures .. Integer, External :: omp_get_thread_num ! .. Intrinsic Procedures .. Intrinsic :: real ! .. Executable Statements .. ! Call OMP_GET_NUM_THREAD to get the current thread number. ! The use of '!$' also allows this example to be compiled in serial ! without openMP libraries. threadno = 0 !$ threadno = omp_get_thread_num() ! Test NSTATE to indicate what stage of computation has been reached. Select Case (nstate) Case (2) ! OBJFUN is called for the very first time. ! This occurs in serial on thread 0 only. ! Set up any constant global variables required in RUSER and IUSER ! This may also be done prior to calling E05SAF ruser(ruser_global) = -f_target*real(ndim,nag_wp) ! Set reference index for thread 0 workspace in IUSER iuser(iuser_reference+threadno) = ruser_global + 1 Case (3) ! OBJFUN has been called for the first time on a new thread. ! This occurs at the start of the main parallel region. ! This will not occur on thread 0. ! In this example we take the opportunity to set the reference index for this ! threads unique section of RUSER workspace in IUSER. ! Each thead requires 2*ndim real numbers. iuser(iuser_reference+threadno) = iuser(iuser_reference) + & 2*ndim*threadno Case (1) ! OBJFUN is called on entry to a NAG local minimizer. Case (0) ! This will be the normal value of NSTATE. Case Default ! This is extremely unlikely, and indicates that an error has ! occurred on the system mode = -1 If (detail_level>=2) Then Write (nout,99999) End If Go To 100 End Select ! Test MODE to determine whether to calculate OBJF and/or OBJGRD. evalobjf = .False. evalobjg = .False. Select Case (mode) Case (0,5) ! Only the value of the objective function is needed. evalobjf = .True. Case (1,6) ! Only the values of the NDIM gradients are required. evalobjg = .True. Case (2,7) ! Both the objective function and the NDIM gradients are required. evalobjf = .True. evalobjg = .True. Case Default mode = -1 Write (nout,99999) Go To 100 End Select ! Set work_1 and work_2 to point to the section of RUSER reserved ! for this thread work_1 = iuser(iuser_reference+threadno) work_2 = work_1 + ndim If (evalobjf) Then ! Evaluate the objective function. ! objf = const + sum( x*sin(abs(sqrt(x)))) ! Pass thread-safe workspace to objfun_schwefel_objective Call objfun_schwefel_objective(ndim,x,objf,ruser(work_1)) ! Use constant safely available to all threads. objf = objf + ruser(ruser_global) End If If (evalobjg) Then ! Calculate the gradient of the objective function, ! and return the result in VECOUT. ! gradient = sin(sqrt(abs(x))) ! + sign(cos(sqrt(abs(x)))/2.0*sqrt(abs(x)),x) Call objfun_schwefel_gradient(ndim,x,vecout,ruser(work_1), & ruser(work_2)) End If 100 Continue Return 99999 Format (1X,'** ERROR DETECTED ') End Subroutine objfun_schwefel Subroutine monmod(ndim,npar,x,xb,fb,xbest,fbest,itt,iuser,ruser,inform) ! Example monitor function. ! .. Scalar Arguments .. Real (Kind=nag_wp), Intent (In) :: fb Integer, Intent (Inout) :: inform Integer, Intent (In) :: ndim, npar ! .. Array Arguments .. Real (Kind=nag_wp), Intent (In) :: fbest(npar), xb(ndim), & xbest(ndim,npar) Real (Kind=nag_wp), Intent (Inout) :: ruser(*), x(ndim,npar) Integer, Intent (In) :: itt(6) Integer, Intent (Inout) :: iuser(*) ! .. Local Scalars .. Integer :: k ! .. Intrinsic Procedures .. Intrinsic :: modulo ! .. Executable Statements .. If (detail_level>=2) Then ! Report on the first iteration, and every report_freq iterations. If (itt(1)==1 .Or. modulo(itt(1),report_freq)==0) Then Write (nout,*) Write (nout,*) '* Current global optimum candidate:' Do k = 1, ndim Write (nout,99999) k, xb(k) End Do Write (nout,*) '* Current global optimum value:' Write (nout,99998) fb End If End If ! If required set INFORM<0 to force exit Flush (nout) Return 99999 Format (1X,'* xb(',I3,') = ',F9.2) 99998 Format (1X,'* fb = ',F9.5) End Subroutine monmod Subroutine display_result(ndim,xb,fb,itt,inform,ruser) ! Display final results in comparison to known global optimum. ! .. Use Statements .. Use nag_library, Only: x04cbf ! .. Parameters .. Integer, Parameter :: indent = 0, ncols = 80 Character (10), Parameter :: clabs(1:2) = (/ & 'x_target ','xb ' /) Character (1), Parameter :: diag = 'N', labcol = & 'C', labrow = 'I', & matrix = 'G' Character (4), Parameter :: form = 'f9.2' ! .. Scalar Arguments .. Real (Kind=nag_wp), Intent (In) :: fb Integer, Intent (In) :: inform, ndim ! .. Array Arguments .. Real (Kind=nag_wp), Intent (In) :: ruser(*), xb(ndim) Integer, Intent (In) :: itt(6) ! .. Local Scalars .. Integer :: ifail, ldxcom Character (ncols) :: title ! .. Local Arrays .. Real (Kind=nag_wp), Allocatable :: xcom(:,:) ! .. Executable Statements .. ! Display final counters. Write (nout,99996) 'Total complete iterations : ', itt(1) Write (nout,99996) 'Complete iterations since improvement : ', itt(2) Write (nout,99996) 'Total particles converged to xb : ', itt(3) Write (nout,99996) 'Total improvements to global optimum : ', itt(4) Write (nout,99996) 'Total function evaluations : ', itt(5) Write (nout,99996) 'Total particles re-initialized : ', itt(6) ! Display why finalization occurred. Write (nout,*) Select Case (inform) Case (1) Write (nout,99995) 'Target value achieved' Case (2) Write (nout,99995) 'Minimum swarm standard deviation obtained' Case (3) Write (nout,99995) 'Sufficient particles converged' Case (4) Write (nout,99995) 'No improvement in preset iteration limit' Case (5) Write (nout,99995) 'Maximum complete iterations attained' Case (6) Write (nout,99995) 'Maximum function evaluations exceeded' Case (:-1) Write (nout,99994) inform Case Default End Select ! Display final objective value and location. Write (nout,*) Write (nout,99999) 0.0E0_nag_wp Write (nout,99998) fb Flush (nout) ldxcom = ndim Allocate (xcom(ldxcom,2)) xcom(1:ndim,1) = x_target(1:ndim) xcom(1:ndim,2) = xb(1:ndim) title = ' Comparison between known and achieved optima.' ifail = 0 Call x04cbf(matrix,diag,ndim,2,xcom,ldxcom,form,title,labrow,clabs, & labcol,clabs,ncols,indent,ifail) Deallocate (xcom) Write (nout,99997) Return 99999 Format (' Known objective optimum : ',F13.5) 99998 Format (' Achieved objective value : ',F13.5) 99997 Format ('**--------------------**--------------------**'/) 99996 Format (2X,A40,I16) 99995 Format (2X,A43) 99994 Format (' User termination case :',I16) End Subroutine display_result End Module e05safe_mod Program e05safe ! E05SAF Example Main Program ! This example program demonstrates how to use E05SAF in standard ! execution, and with a selection of coupled local minimizers. ! The non-default option 'REPEATABILITY ON' is used here, giving ! repeatable results. ! .. Use Statements .. Use nag_library, Only: e05saf, e05zkf Use e05safe_mod, Only: display_result, iuser_reference, liopts, lopts, & monmod, nag_wp, ndim, nout, objfun_schwefel, & ruser_global ! .. Implicit None Statement .. Implicit None ! .. Local Scalars .. Real (Kind=nag_wp) :: fb Integer :: ifail, inform, liuser, lruser, & max_threads, npar Character (80) :: optstr ! .. Local Arrays .. Real (Kind=nag_wp) :: bl(ndim), bu(ndim), opts(lopts), & xb(ndim) Real (Kind=nag_wp), Allocatable :: ruser(:) Integer :: iopts(liopts), itt(6) Integer, Allocatable :: iuser(:) ! .. External Procedures .. Integer, External :: omp_get_max_threads ! .. Intrinsic Procedures .. Intrinsic :: max ! .. Executable Statements .. ! Print advisory information. Write (nout,*) 'E05SAF Example Program Results' Write (nout,*) Write (nout,*) 'Minimization of the Schwefel function.' Write (nout,*) ! Set problem specific values. ! Set box bounds. bl(1:ndim) = -500.0_nag_wp bu(1:ndim) = 500.0_nag_wp ! Determine the number of threads to be used in the simulation max_threads = 1 !$ max_threads = omp_get_max_threads() ! Ensure NPAR is sufficient for the number of threads npar = max(4000,5*max_threads) ! Assign sufficient sizes for iuser and ruser. ! In this example, RUSER will be split into workspace unique to each thread, ! and IUSER will be used to store the indexes to the first element of ! workspace for each thread. liuser = max(30,iuser_reference+max_threads) lruser = ruser_global + 2*max_threads*ndim Allocate (iuser(liuser),ruser(lruser)) Write (nout,*) '* Solution without using coupled local minimizer *' ! Call E05ZKF to initialize the option arrays ifail = 0 Call e05zkf('Initialize = E05SAF',iopts,liopts,opts,lopts,ifail) ! Set the option SMP Callback Thread Safe to indicate the callback functions ! are indeed threadsafe. This must be done if using multiple threads. ifail = 0 Call e05zkf('SMP Callback Thread Safe = Yes',iopts,liopts,opts,lopts, & ifail) ! Set various options to non-default values if required. ifail = 0 Call e05zkf('Repeatability = On',iopts,liopts,opts,lopts,ifail) ifail = 0 Call e05zkf('Verify Gradients = Off',iopts,liopts,opts,lopts,ifail) ifail = 0 Call e05zkf('Boundary = Hyperspherical',iopts,liopts,opts,lopts,ifail) ifail = 0 Call e05zkf('Maximum iterations static = 150',iopts,liopts,opts,lopts, & ifail) ifail = 0 Call e05zkf('Maximum function evaluations = 50000000',iopts,liopts,opts, & lopts,ifail) ifail = 0 Call e05zkf('Repulsion Initialize = 50',iopts,liopts,opts,lopts,ifail) ifail = 0 Call e05zkf('Repulsion Finalize = 30',iopts,liopts,opts,lopts,ifail) ! Set an objective target. ifail = 0 Write (optstr,99999) 'Target Objective Value', 1.0E0_nag_wp Call e05zkf(optstr,iopts,liopts,opts,lopts,ifail) ifail = 0 Write (optstr,99999) 'Target Objective Tolerance', 1.0E-5_nag_wp Call e05zkf(optstr,iopts,liopts,opts,lopts,ifail) ifail = 0 Write (optstr,99999) 'Target Objective Safeguard', 1.0E-2_nag_wp Call e05zkf(optstr,iopts,liopts,opts,lopts,ifail) ! Set some additional SMP library options if required. ifail = 0 Call e05zkf('SMP thread overrun = 100',iopts,liopts,opts,lopts,ifail) ifail = 0 Write (optstr,99998) 'SMP Subswarm', max_threads Call e05zkf(optstr,iopts,liopts,opts,lopts,ifail) ! Call E05SAF to search for the global optimum. ! As guaranteed success cannot by default be achieved, IFAIL=1,-1 is ! recommended on entry. ifail = -1 Call e05saf(ndim,npar,xb,fb,bl,bu,objfun_schwefel,monmod,iopts,opts, & iuser,ruser,itt,inform,ifail) ! It is essential to test IFAIL on exit. Select Case (ifail) Case (0,1) ! E05SAF encountered no errors during operation, ! and will have returned the best found optimum. Call display_result(ndim,xb,fb,itt,inform,ruser) Case (-999,-399,2:) ! An error was detected. Continue Case Default ! An instruction to exit was received by E05SAF from OBJFUN or MONMOD. ! The exit flag will have been returned in INFORM. Call display_result(ndim,xb,fb,itt,inform,ruser) End Select ! ------------------------------------------------------------------ Write (nout,*) '* Solution using coupled local minimizer E04JYF *' ! Set the local minimizer to be E04JYF and set corresponding options. ifail = 0 Call e05zkf('Local Minimizer = E04JYF',iopts,liopts,opts,lopts,ifail) ifail = 0 Call e05zkf('Local Interior Iterations = 30',iopts,liopts,opts,lopts, & ifail) ifail = 0 Call e05zkf('Local Exterior Iterations = 200',iopts,liopts,opts,lopts, & ifail) ifail = 0 Write (optstr,99999) 'Local Interior Tolerance', 1.0E-4_nag_wp Call e05zkf(optstr,iopts,liopts,opts,lopts,ifail) ifail = 0 Write (optstr,99999) 'Local Exterior Tolerance', 1.0E-8_nag_wp Call e05zkf(optstr,iopts,liopts,opts,lopts,ifail) ! Call E05SAF to search for the global optimum. ifail = -1 Call e05saf(ndim,npar,xb,fb,bl,bu,objfun_schwefel,monmod,iopts,opts, & iuser,ruser,itt,inform,ifail) ! It is essential to test IFAIL on exit. Select Case (ifail) Case (0,1) ! E05SAF encountered no errors during operation, ! and will have returned the best found optimum. Call display_result(ndim,xb,fb,itt,inform,ruser) Case (-999,-399,2:) ! An error was detected. Continue Case Default ! An instruction to exit was received by E05SAF from OBJFUN or MONMOD. ! The exit flag will have been returned in INFORM. Call display_result(ndim,xb,fb,itt,inform,ruser) End Select ! ----------------------------------------------------------------- Write (nout,*) '* Solution using coupled local minimizer E04UCF *' ! Set the local minimizer to be E04UCF and set corresponding options. ifail = 0 Call e05zkf('Local Minimizer = E04UCF',iopts,liopts,opts,lopts,ifail) ifail = 0 Call e05zkf('Local Interior Iterations = 10',iopts,liopts,opts,lopts, & ifail) ifail = 0 Call e05zkf('Local Exterior Iterations = 100',iopts,liopts,opts,lopts, & ifail) ! Call E05SAF to search for the global optimum. ifail = -1 Call e05saf(ndim,npar,xb,fb,bl,bu,objfun_schwefel,monmod,iopts,opts, & iuser,ruser,itt,inform,ifail) ! It is essential to test IFAIL on exit. Select Case (ifail) Case (0,1) ! E05SAF encountered no errors during operation, ! and will have returned the best found optimum. Call display_result(ndim,xb,fb,itt,inform,ruser) Case (-999,-399,2:) ! An error was detected. Continue Case Default ! An instruction to exit was received by E05SAF from OBJFUN or MONMOD. ! The exit flag will have been returned in INFORM. Call display_result(ndim,xb,fb,itt,inform,ruser) End Select 99999 Format (A,' = ',E32.16) 99998 Format (A,' = ',I20) End Program e05safe