f08 Chapter Contents
f08 Chapter Introduction
NAG C Library Manual

# NAG Library Function Documentnag_ztrsen (f08quc)

## 1  Purpose

nag_ztrsen (f08quc) reorders the Schur factorization of a complex general matrix so that a selected cluster of eigenvalues appears in the leading elements on the diagonal of the Schur form. The function also optionally computes the reciprocal condition numbers of the cluster of eigenvalues and/or the invariant subspace.

## 2  Specification

 #include #include
 void nag_ztrsen (Nag_OrderType order, Nag_JobType job, Nag_ComputeQType compq, const Nag_Boolean select[], Integer n, Complex t[], Integer pdt, Complex q[], Integer pdq, Complex w[], Integer *m, double *s, double *sep, NagError *fail)

## 3  Description

nag_ztrsen (f08quc) reorders the Schur factorization of a complex general matrix $A=QT{Q}^{\mathrm{H}}$, so that a selected cluster of eigenvalues appears in the leading diagonal elements of the Schur form.
The reordered Schur form $\stackrel{~}{T}$ is computed by a unitary similarity transformation: $\stackrel{~}{T}={Z}^{\mathrm{H}}TZ$. Optionally the updated matrix $\stackrel{~}{Q}$ of Schur vectors is computed as $\stackrel{~}{Q}=QZ$, giving $A=\stackrel{~}{Q}\stackrel{~}{T}{\stackrel{~}{Q}}^{\mathrm{H}}$.
Let $\stackrel{~}{T}=\left(\begin{array}{cc}{T}_{11}& {T}_{12}\\ 0& {T}_{22}\end{array}\right)$, where the selected eigenvalues are precisely the eigenvalues of the leading $m$ by $m$ sub-matrix ${T}_{11}$. Let $\stackrel{~}{Q}$ be correspondingly partitioned as $\left(\begin{array}{cc}{Q}_{1}& {Q}_{2}\end{array}\right)$ where ${Q}_{1}$ consists of the first $m$ columns of $Q$. Then $A{Q}_{1}={Q}_{1}{T}_{11}$, and so the $m$ columns of ${Q}_{1}$ form an orthonormal basis for the invariant subspace corresponding to the selected cluster of eigenvalues.
Optionally the function also computes estimates of the reciprocal condition numbers of the average of the cluster of eigenvalues and of the invariant subspace.

## 4  References

Golub G H and Van Loan C F (1996) Matrix Computations (3rd Edition) Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore

## 5  Arguments

1:     orderNag_OrderTypeInput
On entry: the order argument specifies the two-dimensional storage scheme being used, i.e., row-major ordering or column-major ordering. C language defined storage is specified by ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_RowMajor}$. See Section 3.2.1.3 in the Essential Introduction for a more detailed explanation of the use of this argument.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_RowMajor}$ or Nag_ColMajor.
2:     jobNag_JobTypeInput
On entry: indicates whether condition numbers are required for the cluster of eigenvalues and/or the invariant subspace.
${\mathbf{job}}=\mathrm{Nag_DoNothing}$
No condition numbers are required.
${\mathbf{job}}=\mathrm{Nag_EigVals}$
Only the condition number for the cluster of eigenvalues is computed.
${\mathbf{job}}=\mathrm{Nag_Subspace}$
Only the condition number for the invariant subspace is computed.
${\mathbf{job}}=\mathrm{Nag_DoBoth}$
Condition numbers for both the cluster of eigenvalues and the invariant subspace are computed.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{job}}=\mathrm{Nag_DoNothing}$, $\mathrm{Nag_EigVals}$, $\mathrm{Nag_Subspace}$ or $\mathrm{Nag_DoBoth}$.
3:     compqNag_ComputeQTypeInput
On entry: indicates whether the matrix $Q$ of Schur vectors is to be updated.
${\mathbf{compq}}=\mathrm{Nag_UpdateSchur}$
The matrix $Q$ of Schur vectors is updated.
${\mathbf{compq}}=\mathrm{Nag_NotQ}$
No Schur vectors are updated.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{compq}}=\mathrm{Nag_UpdateSchur}$ or $\mathrm{Nag_NotQ}$.
4:     select[$\mathit{dim}$]const Nag_BooleanInput
Note: the dimension, dim, of the array select must be at least $\mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{n}}\right)$.
On entry: specifies the eigenvalues in the selected cluster. To select a complex eigenvalue ${\lambda }_{j}$, ${\mathbf{select}}\left[j-1\right]$ must be set Nag_TRUE.
5:     nIntegerInput
On entry: $n$, the order of the matrix $T$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{n}}\ge 0$.
6:     t[$\mathit{dim}$]ComplexInput/Output
Note: the dimension, dim, of the array t must be at least $\mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{pdt}}×{\mathbf{n}}\right)$.
The $\left(i,j\right)$th element of the matrix $T$ is stored in
• ${\mathbf{t}}\left[\left(j-1\right)×{\mathbf{pdt}}+i-1\right]$ when ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_ColMajor}$;
• ${\mathbf{t}}\left[\left(i-1\right)×{\mathbf{pdt}}+j-1\right]$ when ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_RowMajor}$.
On entry: the $n$ by $n$ upper triangular matrix $T$, as returned by nag_zhseqr (f08psc).
On exit: t is overwritten by the updated matrix $\stackrel{~}{T}$.
7:     pdtIntegerInput
On entry: the stride separating row or column elements (depending on the value of order) in the array t.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{pdt}}\ge \mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{n}}\right)$.
8:     q[$\mathit{dim}$]ComplexInput/Output
Note: the dimension, dim, of the array q must be at least
• $\mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{pdq}}×{\mathbf{n}}\right)$ when ${\mathbf{compq}}=\mathrm{Nag_UpdateSchur}$;
• $1$ when ${\mathbf{compq}}=\mathrm{Nag_NotQ}$.
The $\left(i,j\right)$th element of the matrix $Q$ is stored in
• ${\mathbf{q}}\left[\left(j-1\right)×{\mathbf{pdq}}+i-1\right]$ when ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_ColMajor}$;
• ${\mathbf{q}}\left[\left(i-1\right)×{\mathbf{pdq}}+j-1\right]$ when ${\mathbf{order}}=\mathrm{Nag_RowMajor}$.
On entry: if ${\mathbf{compq}}=\mathrm{Nag_UpdateSchur}$, q must contain the $n$ by $n$ unitary matrix $Q$ of Schur vectors, as returned by nag_zhseqr (f08psc).
On exit: if ${\mathbf{compq}}=\mathrm{Nag_UpdateSchur}$, q contains the updated matrix of Schur vectors; the first $m$ columns of $Q$ form an orthonormal basis for the specified invariant subspace.
If ${\mathbf{compq}}=\mathrm{Nag_NotQ}$, q is not referenced.
9:     pdqIntegerInput
On entry: the stride separating row or column elements (depending on the value of order) in the array q.
Constraints:
• if ${\mathbf{compq}}=\mathrm{Nag_UpdateSchur}$, ${\mathbf{pdq}}\ge \mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{n}}\right)$;
• if ${\mathbf{compq}}=\mathrm{Nag_NotQ}$, ${\mathbf{pdq}}\ge 1$.
10:   w[$\mathit{dim}$]ComplexOutput
Note: the dimension, dim, of the array w must be at least $\mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{n}}\right)$.
On exit: the reordered eigenvalues of $\stackrel{~}{T}$. The eigenvalues are stored in the same order as on the diagonal of $\stackrel{~}{T}$.
11:   mInteger *Output
On exit: $m$, the dimension of the specified invariant subspace, which is the same as the number of selected eigenvalues (see select); $0\le m\le n$.
12:   sdouble *Output
On exit: if ${\mathbf{job}}=\mathrm{Nag_EigVals}$ or $\mathrm{Nag_DoBoth}$, s is a lower bound on the reciprocal condition number of the average of the selected cluster of eigenvalues. If ${\mathbf{m}}=0\text{​ or ​}{\mathbf{n}}$, ${\mathbf{s}}=1$.
If ${\mathbf{job}}=\mathrm{Nag_DoNothing}$ or $\mathrm{Nag_Subspace}$, s is not referenced.
13:   sepdouble *Output
On exit: if ${\mathbf{job}}=\mathrm{Nag_Subspace}$ or $\mathrm{Nag_DoBoth}$, sep is the estimated reciprocal condition number of the specified invariant subspace. If ${\mathbf{m}}=0\text{​ or ​}{\mathbf{n}}$, ${\mathbf{sep}}=‖T‖$.
If ${\mathbf{job}}=\mathrm{Nag_DoNothing}$ or $\mathrm{Nag_EigVals}$, sep is not referenced.
14:   failNagError *Input/Output
The NAG error argument (see Section 3.6 in the Essential Introduction).

## 6  Error Indicators and Warnings

NE_ALLOC_FAIL
Dynamic memory allocation failed.
On entry, argument $〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$ had an illegal value.
NE_ENUM_INT_2
On entry, ${\mathbf{compq}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$, ${\mathbf{pdq}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$ and ${\mathbf{n}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$.
Constraint: if ${\mathbf{compq}}=\mathrm{Nag_UpdateSchur}$, ${\mathbf{pdq}}\ge \mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{n}}\right)$;
if ${\mathbf{compq}}=\mathrm{Nag_NotQ}$, ${\mathbf{pdq}}\ge 1$.
NE_INT
On entry, ${\mathbf{n}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{n}}\ge 0$.
On entry, ${\mathbf{pdq}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{pdq}}>0$.
On entry, ${\mathbf{pdt}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{pdt}}>0$.
NE_INT_2
On entry, ${\mathbf{pdt}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$ and ${\mathbf{n}}=〈\mathit{\text{value}}〉$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{pdt}}\ge \mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{n}}\right)$.
NE_INTERNAL_ERROR
An internal error has occurred in this function. Check the function call and any array sizes. If the call is correct then please contact NAG for assistance.

## 7  Accuracy

The computed matrix $\stackrel{~}{T}$ is similar to a matrix $\left(T+E\right)$, where
 $E2 = Oε T2 ,$
and $\epsilon$ is the machine precision.
s cannot underestimate the true reciprocal condition number by more than a factor of $\sqrt{\mathrm{min}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(m,n-m\right)}$. sep may differ from the true value by $\sqrt{m\left(n-m\right)}$. The angle between the computed invariant subspace and the true subspace is $\frac{\mathit{O}\left(\epsilon \right){‖A‖}_{2}}{\mathit{sep}}$.
The values of the eigenvalues are never changed by the reordering.

The real analogue of this function is nag_dtrsen (f08qgc).

## 9  Example

This example reorders the Schur factorization of the matrix $A=QT{Q}^{\mathrm{H}}$ such that the eigenvalues stored in elements ${t}_{11}$ and ${t}_{44}$ appear as the leading elements on the diagonal of the reordered matrix $\stackrel{~}{T}$, where
 $T = -6.0004-6.9999i 0.3637-0.3656i -0.1880+0.4787i 0.8785-0.2539i 0.0000+0.0000i -5.0000+2.0060i -0.0307-0.7217i -0.2290+0.1313i 0.0000+0.0000i 0.0000+0.0000i 7.9982-0.9964i 0.9357+0.5359i 0.0000+0.0000i 0.0000+0.0000i 0.0000+0.0000i 3.0023-3.9998i$
and
 $Q = -0.8347-0.1364i -0.0628+0.3806i 0.2765-0.0846i 0.0633-0.2199i 0.0664-0.2968i 0.2365+0.5240i -0.5877-0.4208i 0.0835+0.2183i -0.0362-0.3215i 0.3143-0.5473i 0.0576-0.5736i 0.0057-0.4058i 0.0086+0.2958i -0.3416-0.0757i -0.1900-0.1600i 0.8327-0.1868i .$
The original matrix $A$ is given in Section 9 in nag_zunghr (f08ntc).

### 9.1  Program Text

Program Text (f08quce.c)

### 9.2  Program Data

Program Data (f08quce.d)

### 9.3  Program Results

Program Results (f08quce.r)