/* nag_estimate_agarchII (g13fcc) Example Program. * * Copyright 2000 Numerical Algorithms Group. * * NAG C Library * * Mark 6, 2000. * */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #define X(I, J) x[(I) *tdx + (J)] int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { FILE *fpout; /* Integer scalar and array declarations */ Integer exit_status = 0; Integer i, j, k, npar, tdc, tdx, lstate, lr; Integer *state = 0; /* NAG structures and data types */ NagError fail; Nag_Boolean fcall; /* Double scalar and array declarations */ double fac1, hp, lgf, xterm; double *covar = 0, *cvar = 0, *et = 0, *ht = 0, *sc = 0; double *se = 0, *theta = 0, *x = 0, *yt = 0, *r = 0; /* Choose the base generator */ Nag_BaseRNG genid = Nag_Basic; Integer subid = 0; /* Set the seed */ Integer seed[] = { 111 }; Integer lseed = 1; /* Set parameters for the (randomly generated) time series ... */ /* Generate data assuming normally distributed errors */ Nag_ErrorDistn dist = Nag_NormalDistn; double df = 0; /* Size of the time series */ Integer num = 1500; /* MA and AR parameters */ Integer ip = 1; Integer iq = 1; double param[] = { 0.08, 0.2, 0.7 }; /* Asymmetry parameter */ double gamma = -0.4; /* Regression parameters */ Integer nreg = 2; double mean = 3.0; double bx[] = { 1.5, 2.5 }; /* ... end of parameters for (randomly generated) time series */ /* When fitting a model to the time series ... */ /* Include mean in the model */ Integer mn = 1; /* Use the following maximum number of iterations and tolerance */ Integer maxit = 50; double tol = 1e-12; /* Enforce stationary conditions */ Nag_Garch_Stationary_Type stat_opt = Nag_Garch_Stationary_True; /* Estimate initial values for regression parameters */ Nag_Garch_Est_Initial_Type est_opt = Nag_Garch_Est_Initial_True; /* Set the number of values to forecast from the fitted model */ Integer nt = 3; /* ... end of model fitting options */ /* Initialise the error structure */ INIT_FAIL(fail); /* Check for command-line IO options */ fpout = nag_example_file_io(argc, argv, "-results", NULL); fprintf(fpout, "nag_estimate_agarchII (g13fcc) Example Program Results\n\n"); /* Get the length of the state array */ lstate = -1; nag_rand_init_repeatable(genid, subid, seed, lseed, state, &lstate, &fail); if (fail.code != NE_NOERROR) { fprintf(fpout, "Error from nag_rand_init_repeatable (g05kfc).\n%s\n", fail.message); exit_status = 1; goto END; } /* Derive various amounts */ npar = iq + ip + 1; tdc = npar + mn + nreg + 1; tdx = nreg; /* Calculate the size of the reference vector */ lr = 2 * (iq + ip + 2); /* Allocate arrays */ if (!(covar = NAG_ALLOC((npar + mn + nreg + 1) * tdc, double)) || !(et = NAG_ALLOC(num, double)) || !(ht = NAG_ALLOC(num, double)) || !(sc = NAG_ALLOC(npar + mn + nreg + 1, double)) || !(se = NAG_ALLOC(npar + mn + nreg + 1, double)) || !(state = NAG_ALLOC(lstate, Integer)) || !(r = NAG_ALLOC(lr, double)) || !(theta = NAG_ALLOC(npar + mn + nreg + 1, double)) || !(x = NAG_ALLOC(num * tdx, double)) || !(cvar = NAG_ALLOC(nt, double)) || !(yt = NAG_ALLOC(num, double))) { fprintf(fpout, "Allocation failure\n"); exit_status = -1; goto END; } /* Initialise the generator to a repeatable sequence */ nag_rand_init_repeatable(genid, subid, seed, lseed, state, &lstate, &fail); if (fail.code != NE_NOERROR) { fprintf(fpout, "Error from nag_rand_init_repeatable (g05kfc).\n%s\n", fail.message); exit_status = 1; goto END; } /* Set up the time dependent exogenous matrix x */ for (i = 0; i < num; ++i) { fac1 = (double)(i + 1) *.01; X(i, 0) = sin(fac1) * 0.7 + 0.01; X(i, 1) = fac1 * 0.1 + 0.5; } /* Generate a realization of a random AGARCH II time series to use */ fcall = Nag_TRUE; nag_rand_agarchII(dist, num, ip, iq, param, gamma, df, ht, yt, fcall, r, lr, state, &fail); if (fail.code != NE_NOERROR) { fprintf(fpout, "Error from nag_rand_agarchII (g05pec).\n%s\n", fail.message); exit_status = 1; goto END; } /* Adjust the randomly generated time series to take into account for the exogenous matrix x */ for (i = 0; i < num; ++i) { xterm = 0.0; for (k = 0; k < nreg; ++k) xterm += X(i, k) * bx[k]; if (mn == 1) yt[i] = mean + xterm + yt[i]; else yt[i] = xterm + yt[i]; } /* Set initial estimates for the parameters */ for (i = 0; i < npar; ++i) { theta[i] = param[i] * 0.5; } theta[npar] = gamma * 0.5; if (mn == 1) { theta[npar + mn] = mean * 0.5; } if (est_opt != Nag_Garch_Est_Initial_True) { for (i = 0; i < nreg; ++i) theta[npar + mn + 1 + i] = bx[i] * 0.5; } /* nag_estimate_agarchII (g13fcc). * Univariate time series, parameter estimation for a GARCH * process with asymmetry of the form * (|epsilon_(t~-~1)|~+~gamma~epsilon_(t~-~1))^2 */ nag_estimate_agarchII(yt, x, tdx, num, ip, iq, nreg, mn, theta, se, sc, covar, tdc, &hp, et, ht, &lgf, stat_opt, est_opt, maxit, tol, &fail); if (fail.code != NE_NOERROR) { fprintf(fpout, "Error from nag_estimate_agarchII (g13fcc).\n%s\n", fail.message); exit_status = 1; goto END; } /* Display the results */ fprintf(fpout, " Parameter estimates Standard errors " "Correct values\n"); for (j = 0; j < npar; ++j) fprintf(fpout, "%20.4f (%6.4f) %20.4f\n", theta[j], se[j], param[j]); fprintf(fpout, "%20.4f (%6.4f) %20.4f\n", theta[npar], se[npar], gamma); if (mn == 1) fprintf(fpout, "%20.4f (%6.4f) %20.4f\n", theta[npar + mn], se[npar + mn], mean); for (j = 0; j < nreg; ++j) fprintf(fpout, "%20.4f (%6.4f) %20.4f\n", theta[mn + npar + 1 + j], se[mn + npar + 1 + j], bx[j]); /* Now forecast nt steps ahead */ gamma = theta[npar]; /* nag_forecast_agarchII (g13fdc). * Univariate time series, forecast function for a GARCH * process with asymmetry of the form * (|epsilon_(t~-~1)|~+~gamma~epsilon_(t~-~1))^2 */ nag_forecast_agarchII(num, nt, ip, iq, theta, gamma, cvar, ht, et, &fail); fprintf(fpout, "\n%ld step forecast = %8.4f\n", nt, cvar[nt-1]); END: if (fpout != stdout) fclose(fpout); if (covar) NAG_FREE(covar); if (et) NAG_FREE(et); if (ht) NAG_FREE(ht); if (state) NAG_FREE(state); if (r) NAG_FREE(r); if (sc) NAG_FREE(sc); if (se) NAG_FREE(se); if (theta) NAG_FREE(theta); if (cvar) NAG_FREE(cvar); if (x) NAG_FREE(x); if (yt) NAG_FREE(yt); return exit_status; }