F08BEF (DGEQPF) (PDF version)
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F08 Chapter Introduction
NAG Library Manual

NAG Library Routine Document

F08BEF (DGEQPF)

Note:  before using this routine, please read the Users' Note for your implementation to check the interpretation of bold italicised terms and other implementation-dependent details.

+ Contents

    1  Purpose
    7  Accuracy

1  Purpose

F08BEF (DGEQPF) computes the QR factorization, with column pivoting, of a real m by n matrix.

2  Specification

SUBROUTINE F08BEF ( M, N, A, LDA, JPVT, TAU, WORK, INFO)
INTEGER  M, N, LDA, JPVT(*), INFO
REAL (KIND=nag_wp)  A(LDA,*), TAU(min(M,N)), WORK(3*N)
The routine may be called by its LAPACK name dgeqpf.

3  Description

F08BEF (DGEQPF) forms the QR factorization, with column pivoting, of an arbitrary rectangular real m by n matrix.
If mn, the factorization is given by:
AP= Q R 0 ,
where R is an n by n upper triangular matrix, Q is an m by m orthogonal matrix and P is an n by n permutation matrix. It is sometimes more convenient to write the factorization as
AP= Q1 Q2 R 0 ,
which reduces to
AP= Q1 R ,
where Q1 consists of the first n columns of Q, and Q2 the remaining m-n columns.
If m<n, R is trapezoidal, and the factorization can be written
AP= Q R1 R2 ,
where R1 is upper triangular and R2 is rectangular.
The matrix Q is not formed explicitly but is represented as a product of minm,n elementary reflectors (see the F08 Chapter Introduction for details). Routines are provided to work with Q in this representation (see Section 8).
Note also that for any k<n, the information returned in the first k columns of the array A represents a QR factorization of the first k columns of the permuted matrix AP.
The routine allows specified columns of A to be moved to the leading columns of AP at the start of the factorization and fixed there. The remaining columns are free to be interchanged so that at the ith stage the pivot column is chosen to be the column which maximizes the 2-norm of elements i to m over columns i to n.

4  References

Golub G H and Van Loan C F (1996) Matrix Computations (3rd Edition) Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore

5  Parameters

1:     M – INTEGERInput
On entry: m, the number of rows of the matrix A.
Constraint: M0.
2:     N – INTEGERInput
On entry: n, the number of columns of the matrix A.
Constraint: N0.
3:     A(LDA,*) – REAL (KIND=nag_wp) arrayInput/Output
Note: the second dimension of the array A must be at least max1,N.
On entry: the m by n matrix A.
On exit: if mn, the elements below the diagonal are overwritten by details of the orthogonal matrix Q and the upper triangle is overwritten by the corresponding elements of the n by n upper triangular matrix R.
If m<n, the strictly lower triangular part is overwritten by details of the orthogonal matrix Q and the remaining elements are overwritten by the corresponding elements of the m by n upper trapezoidal matrix R.
4:     LDA – INTEGERInput
On entry: the first dimension of the array A as declared in the (sub)program from which F08BEF (DGEQPF) is called.
Constraint: LDAmax1,M.
5:     JPVT(*) – INTEGER arrayInput/Output
Note: the dimension of the array JPVT must be at least max1,N.
On entry: if JPVTi0, then the i th column of A is moved to the beginning of AP before the decomposition is computed and is fixed in place during the computation. Otherwise, the i th column of A is a free column (i.e., one which may be interchanged during the computation with any other free column).
On exit: details of the permutation matrix P. More precisely, if JPVTi=k, then the kth column of A is moved to become the i th column of AP; in other words, the columns of AP are the columns of A in the order JPVT1,JPVT2,,JPVTn.
6:     TAU(minM,N) – REAL (KIND=nag_wp) arrayOutput
On exit: further details of the orthogonal matrix Q.
7:     WORK(3×N) – REAL (KIND=nag_wp) arrayWorkspace
8:     INFO – INTEGEROutput
On exit: INFO=0 unless the routine detects an error (see Section 6).

6  Error Indicators and Warnings

Errors or warnings detected by the routine:
INFO<0
If INFO=-i, argument i had an illegal value. An explanatory message is output, and execution of the program is terminated.

7  Accuracy

The computed factorization is the exact factorization of a nearby matrix A+E, where
E2 = Oε A2 ,
and ε is the machine precision.

8  Further Comments

The total number of floating point operations is approximately 23 n2 3m-n  if mn or 23 m2 3n-m  if m<n.
To form the orthogonal matrix Q F08BEF (DGEQPF) may be followed by a call to F08AFF (DORGQR):
CALL DORGQR(M,M,MIN(M,N),A,LDA,TAU,WORK,LWORK,INFO)
but note that the second dimension of the array A must be at least M, which may be larger than was required by F08BEF (DGEQPF).
When mn, it is often only the first n columns of Q that are required, and they may be formed by the call:
CALL DORGQR(M,N,N,A,LDA,TAU,WORK,LWORK,INFO)
To apply Q to an arbitrary real rectangular matrix C, F08BEF (DGEQPF) may be followed by a call to F08AGF (DORMQR). For example,
CALL DORMQR('Left','Transpose',M,P,MIN(M,N),A,LDA,TAU,C,LDC,WORK, &
              LWORK,INFO)
forms C=QTC, where C is m by p.
To compute a QR factorization without column pivoting, use F08AEF (DGEQRF).
The complex analogue of this routine is F08BSF (ZGEQPF).

9  Example

This example finds the basic solutions for the linear least squares problems
minimize Axi - bi 2 ,   i=1,2
where b1 and b2 are the columns of the matrix B,
A = -0.09 0.14 -0.46 0.68 1.29 -1.56 0.20 0.29 1.09 0.51 -1.48 -0.43 0.89 -0.71 -0.96 -1.09 0.84 0.77 2.11 -1.27 0.08 0.55 -1.13 0.14 1.74 -1.59 -0.72 1.06 1.24 0.34   and  B= -0.01 -0.04 0.04 -0.03 0.05 0.01 -0.03 -0.02 0.02 0.05 -0.06 0.07 .
Here A is approximately rank-deficient, and hence it is preferable to use F08BEF (DGEQPF) rather than F08AEF (DGEQRF).

9.1  Program Text

Program Text (f08befe.f90)

9.2  Program Data

Program Data (f08befe.d)

9.3  Program Results

Program Results (f08befe.r)


F08BEF (DGEQPF) (PDF version)
F08 Chapter Contents
F08 Chapter Introduction
NAG Library Manual

© The Numerical Algorithms Group Ltd, Oxford, UK. 2012