F07 Chapter Contents
F07 Chapter Introduction
NAG Library Manual

# NAG Library Routine DocumentF07VUF (ZTBCON)

Note:  before using this routine, please read the Users' Note for your implementation to check the interpretation of bold italicised terms and other implementation-dependent details.

## 1  Purpose

F07VUF (ZTBCON) estimates the condition number of a complex triangular band matrix.

## 2  Specification

 SUBROUTINE F07VUF ( NORM, UPLO, DIAG, N, KD, AB, LDAB, RCOND, WORK, RWORK, INFO)
 INTEGER N, KD, LDAB, INFO REAL (KIND=nag_wp) RCOND, RWORK(N) COMPLEX (KIND=nag_wp) AB(LDAB,*), WORK(2*N) CHARACTER(1) NORM, UPLO, DIAG
The routine may be called by its LAPACK name ztbcon.

## 3  Description

F07VUF (ZTBCON) estimates the condition number of a complex triangular band matrix $A$, in either the $1$-norm or the $\infty$-norm:
 $κ1A=A1A-11 or κ∞A=A∞A-1∞ .$
Note that ${\kappa }_{\infty }\left(A\right)={\kappa }_{1}\left({A}^{\mathrm{T}}\right)$.
Because the condition number is infinite if $A$ is singular, the routine actually returns an estimate of the reciprocal of the condition number.
The routine computes ${‖A‖}_{1}$ or ${‖A‖}_{\infty }$ exactly, and uses Higham's implementation of Hager's method (see Higham (1988)) to estimate ${‖{A}^{-1}‖}_{1}$ or ${‖{A}^{-1}‖}_{\infty }$.

## 4  References

Higham N J (1988) FORTRAN codes for estimating the one-norm of a real or complex matrix, with applications to condition estimation ACM Trans. Math. Software 14 381–396

## 5  Parameters

1:     NORM – CHARACTER(1)Input
On entry: indicates whether ${\kappa }_{1}\left(A\right)$ or ${\kappa }_{\infty }\left(A\right)$ is estimated.
${\mathbf{NORM}}=\text{'1'}$ or $\text{'O'}$
${\kappa }_{1}\left(A\right)$ is estimated.
${\mathbf{NORM}}=\text{'I'}$
${\kappa }_{\infty }\left(A\right)$ is estimated.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{NORM}}=\text{'1'}$, $\text{'O'}$ or $\text{'I'}$.
2:     UPLO – CHARACTER(1)Input
On entry: specifies whether $A$ is upper or lower triangular.
${\mathbf{UPLO}}=\text{'U'}$
$A$ is upper triangular.
${\mathbf{UPLO}}=\text{'L'}$
$A$ is lower triangular.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{UPLO}}=\text{'U'}$ or $\text{'L'}$.
3:     DIAG – CHARACTER(1)Input
On entry: indicates whether $A$ is a nonunit or unit triangular matrix.
${\mathbf{DIAG}}=\text{'N'}$
$A$ is a nonunit triangular matrix.
${\mathbf{DIAG}}=\text{'U'}$
$A$ is a unit triangular matrix; the diagonal elements are not referenced and are assumed to be $1$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{DIAG}}=\text{'N'}$ or $\text{'U'}$.
4:     N – INTEGERInput
On entry: $n$, the order of the matrix $A$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{N}}\ge 0$.
5:     KD – INTEGERInput
On entry: ${k}_{d}$, the number of superdiagonals of the matrix $A$ if ${\mathbf{UPLO}}=\text{'U'}$, or the number of subdiagonals if ${\mathbf{UPLO}}=\text{'L'}$.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{KD}}\ge 0$.
6:     AB(LDAB,$*$) – COMPLEX (KIND=nag_wp) arrayInput
Note: the second dimension of the array AB must be at least $\mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,{\mathbf{N}}\right)$.
On entry: the $n$ by $n$ triangular band matrix $A$.
The matrix is stored in rows $1$ to ${k}_{d}+1$, more precisely,
• if ${\mathbf{UPLO}}=\text{'U'}$, the elements of the upper triangle of $A$ within the band must be stored with element ${A}_{ij}$ in ${\mathbf{AB}}\left({k}_{d}+1+i-j,j\right)\text{​ for ​}\mathrm{max}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(1,j-{k}_{d}\right)\le i\le j$;
• if ${\mathbf{UPLO}}=\text{'L'}$, the elements of the lower triangle of $A$ within the band must be stored with element ${A}_{ij}$ in ${\mathbf{AB}}\left(1+i-j,j\right)\text{​ for ​}j\le i\le \mathrm{min}\phantom{\rule{0.125em}{0ex}}\left(n,j+{k}_{d}\right)\text{.}$
If ${\mathbf{DIAG}}=\text{'U'}$, the diagonal elements of $A$ are assumed to be $1$, and are not referenced.
7:     LDAB – INTEGERInput
On entry: the first dimension of the array AB as declared in the (sub)program from which F07VUF (ZTBCON) is called.
Constraint: ${\mathbf{LDAB}}\ge {\mathbf{KD}}+1$.
8:     RCOND – REAL (KIND=nag_wp)Output
On exit: an estimate of the reciprocal of the condition number of $A$. RCOND is set to zero if exact singularity is detected or the estimate underflows. If RCOND is less than machine precision, $A$ is singular to working precision.
9:     WORK($2×{\mathbf{N}}$) – COMPLEX (KIND=nag_wp) arrayWorkspace
10:   RWORK(N) – REAL (KIND=nag_wp) arrayWorkspace
11:   INFO – INTEGEROutput
On exit: ${\mathbf{INFO}}=0$ unless the routine detects an error (see Section 6).

## 6  Error Indicators and Warnings

Errors or warnings detected by the routine:
${\mathbf{INFO}}<0$
If ${\mathbf{INFO}}=-i$, the $i$th parameter had an illegal value. An explanatory message is output, and execution of the program is terminated.

## 7  Accuracy

The computed estimate RCOND is never less than the true value $\rho$, and in practice is nearly always less than $10\rho$, although examples can be constructed where RCOND is much larger.

A call to F07VUF (ZTBCON) involves solving a number of systems of linear equations of the form $Ax=b$ or ${A}^{\mathrm{H}}x=b$; the number is usually $5$ and never more than $11$. Each solution involves approximately $8nk$ real floating point operations (assuming $n\gg k$) but takes considerably longer than a call to F07VSF (ZTBTRS) with one right-hand side, because extra care is taken to avoid overflow when $A$ is approximately singular.
The real analogue of this routine is F07VGF (DTBCON).

## 9  Example

This example estimates the condition number in the $1$-norm of the matrix $A$, where
 $A= -1.94+4.43i 0.00+0.00i 0.00+0.00i 0.00+0.00i -3.39+3.44i 4.12-4.27i 0.00+0.00i 0.00+0.00i 1.62+3.68i -1.84+5.53i 0.43-2.66i 0.00+0.00i 0.00+0.00i -2.77-1.93i 1.74-0.04i 0.44+0.10i .$
Here $A$ is treated as a lower triangular band matrix with two subdiagonals. The true condition number in the $1$-norm is $71.51$.

### 9.1  Program Text

Program Text (f07vufe.f90)

### 9.2  Program Data

Program Data (f07vufe.d)

### 9.3  Program Results

Program Results (f07vufe.r)