NAG Library Routine Document
D02TXF
1 Purpose
D02TXF allows a solution to a nonlinear two-point boundary value problem computed by
D02TKF to be used as an initial approximation in the solution of a related nonlinear two-point boundary value problem in a continuation call to
D02TKF.
2 Specification
INTEGER |
MXMESH, NMESH, IPMESH(MXMESH), IWORK(*), IFAIL |
REAL (KIND=nag_wp) |
MESH(MXMESH), RWORK(*) |
|
3 Description
D02TXF and its associated routines (
D02TKF,
D02TVF,
D02TYF and
D02TZF) solve the two-point boundary value problem for a nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations
over an interval
a,b subject to
p (
>0) nonlinear boundary conditions at
a and
q (
>0) nonlinear boundary conditions at
b, where
p+q
=
∑
i=1
n
mi
. Note that
yi
m
x is the
mth derivative of the
ith solution component. Hence
yi
0
x=yix. The left boundary conditions at
a are defined as
and the right boundary conditions at
b as
where
y=y1,y2,…,yn and
First,
D02TVF must be called to specify the initial mesh, error requirements and other details. Then,
D02TKF can be used to solve the boundary value problem. After successful computation,
D02TZF can be used to ascertain details about the final mesh.
D02TYF can be used to compute the approximate solution anywhere on the interval
a,b using interpolation.
If the boundary value problem being solved is one of a sequence of related problems, for example as part of some continuation process, then D02TXF should be used between calls to
D02TKF. This avoids the overhead of a complete initialization when the setup routine
D02TVF is used. D02TXF allows the solution values computed in the previous call to
D02TKF to be used as an initial approximation for the solution in the next call to
D02TKF.
You must specify the new initial mesh. The previous mesh can be obtained by a call to
D02TZF. It may be used unchanged as the new mesh, in which case any fixed points in the previous mesh remain as fixed points in the new mesh. Fixed and other points may be added or subtracted from the mesh by manipulation of the contents of the array parameter
IPMESH. Initial values for the solution components on the new mesh are computed by interpolation on the values for the solution components on the previous mesh.
The routines are based on modified versions of the codes COLSYS and COLNEW (see
Ascher et al. (1979) and
Ascher and Bader (1987)). A comprehensive treatment of the numerical solution of boundary value problems can be found in
Ascher et al. (1988) and
Keller (1992).
4 References
Ascher U M and Bader G (1987) A new basis implementation for a mixed order boundary value ODE solver
SIAM J. Sci. Stat. Comput. 8 483–500
Ascher U M, Christiansen J and Russell R D (1979) A collocation solver for mixed order systems of boundary value problems
Math. Comput. 33 659–679
Ascher U M, Mattheij R M M and Russell R D (1988)
Numerical Solution of Boundary Value Problems for Ordinary Differential Equations Prentice–Hall
Keller H B (1992)
Numerical Methods for Two-point Boundary-value Problems Dover, New York
5 Parameters
- 1: MXMESH – INTEGERInput
On entry: the maximum number of points allowed in the mesh.
Constraint:
this must be identical to the value supplied for the parameter
MXMESH in the prior call to
D02TVF.
- 2: NMESH – INTEGERInput
On entry: the number of points to be used in the new initial mesh.
Suggested value:
n*+1/2, where
n* is the number of mesh points used in the previous mesh as returned in the parameter
NMESH of
D02TZF.
Constraint:
6≤NMESH≤MXMESH+1/2.
- 3: MESH(MXMESH) – REAL (KIND=nag_wp) arrayInput
On entry: the
NMESH points to be used in the new initial mesh as specified by
IPMESH.
Suggested value:
the parameter
MESH returned from a call to
D02TZF.
Constraint:
MESHij < MESHij+1, for
j=1,2,…,NMESH-1, the values of
i1,i2,…,iNMESH are defined in
IPMESH.
MESHi1 must contain the left boundary point,
a, and
MESHiNMESH must contain the right boundary point,
b, as specified in the previous call to
D02TVF.
- 4: IPMESH(MXMESH) – INTEGER arrayInput
On entry: specifies the points in
MESH to be used as the new initial mesh. Let
ij:j=1,2,…,NMESH be the set of array indices of
IPMESH such that
IPMESHij=1 or 2 and
1=i1<i2<⋯<iNMESH. Then
MESHij will be included in the new initial mesh.
If IPMESHij=1, MESHij will be a fixed point in the new initial mesh.
If IPMESHk=3 for any k, then MESHk will not be included in the new mesh.
Suggested value:
the parameter
IPMESH returned in a call to
D02TZF.
Constraints:
- IPMESHk=1, 2 or 3, for k=1,2,…,iNMESH;
- IPMESH1=IPMESHiNMESH=1.
- 5: RWORK(*) – REAL (KIND=nag_wp) arrayInput/Output
-
Note: the dimension of the array
RWORK
must be at least
LRWORK (see
D02TVF).
On entry: this must be the same array as supplied to
D02TKF and
must remain unchanged between calls.
On exit: contains information about the solution for use on subsequent calls to associated routines.
- 6: IWORK(*) – INTEGER arrayInput/Output
-
Note: the dimension of the array
IWORK
must be at least
LIWORK (see
D02TVF).
On entry: this must be the same array as supplied to
D02TKF and
must remain unchanged between calls.
On exit: contains information about the solution for use on subsequent calls to associated routines.
- 7: IFAIL – INTEGERInput/Output
-
On entry:
IFAIL must be set to
0,
-1 or 1. If you are unfamiliar with this parameter you should refer to
Section 3.3 in the Essential Introduction for details.
For environments where it might be inappropriate to halt program execution when an error is detected, the value
-1 or 1 is recommended. If the output of error messages is undesirable, then the value
1 is recommended. Otherwise, if you are not familiar with this parameter, the recommended value is
0.
When the value -1 or 1 is used it is essential to test the value of IFAIL on exit.
On exit:
IFAIL=0 unless the routine detects an error or a warning has been flagged (see
Section 6).
6 Error Indicators and Warnings
If on entry
IFAIL=0 or
-1, explanatory error messages are output on the current error message unit (as defined by
X04AAF).
Errors or warnings detected by the routine:
- IFAIL=1
An invalid call to D02TXF was made, for example without a previous successful call to the solver routine
D02TKF, or, on entry, an invalid value for
NMESH,
MESH or
IPMESH was detected.
7 Accuracy
Not applicable.
8 Further Comments
For problems where sharp changes of behaviour are expected over short intervals it may be advisable to:
– |
cluster the mesh points where sharp changes in behaviour are expected; |
– |
maintain fixed points in the mesh using the parameter IPMESH to ensure that the remeshing process does not inadvertently remove mesh points from areas of known interest. |
In the absence of any other information about the expected behaviour of the solution, using the values suggested in
Section 5 for
NMESH,
IPMESH and
MESH is strongly recommended.
9 Example
This example illustrates the use of continuation, solution on an infinite range, and solution of a system of two differential equations of orders
3 and
2. See also
D02TKF,
D02TVF,
D02TYF and
D02TZF, for the illustration of other facilities.
Consider the problem of swirling flow over an infinite stationary disk with a magnetic field along the axis of rotation. See
Ascher et al. (1988) and the references therein. After transforming from a cylindrical coordinate system
r,θ,z, in which the
θ component of the corresponding velocity field behaves like
r-n, the governing equations are
with boundary conditions
where
s is the magnetic field strength, and
γ is the Rossby number.
Some solutions of interest are for
γ=1, small
n and
s→0. An added complication is the infinite range, which we approximate by
0,L. We choose
n=0.2 and first solve for
L=60.0,s=0.24 using the initial approximations
fx=-x2e-x and
gx=1.0-e-x, which satisfy the boundary conditions, on a uniform mesh of
21 points. Simple continuation on the parameters
L and
s using the values
L=120.0,s=0.144 and then
L=240.0,s=0.0864 is used to compute further solutions. We use the suggested values for
NMESH,
IPMESH and
MESH in the call to D02TXF prior to a continuation call, that is only every second point of the preceding mesh is used.
The equations are first mapped onto
0,1 to yield
9.1 Program Text
Program Text (d02txfe.f90)
9.2 Program Data
Program Data (d02txfe.d)
9.3 Program Results
Program Results (d02txfe.r)